Journalism Is Art

Journalism Is Art Journalism is defined as â€Å"writing that reflects superficial thought and research, a popular slant, and hurried composition conceived of as exemplifying topical newspaper or popular magazine writing as distinguished from scholar writing. † Art is defined as â€Å"the quality, production, expression, or realm, according to aesthetic principles, of what is beautiful, appealing, or of more than ordinary significance. † So how are the two related? Journalism and art are related by definition because of two things. First, they are related because they both require superficial thought.Without creativity or a critical thinking process the article is not going to be different from anyone else’s. What separates the New York Times journalist from a college newspaper journalist? It is not just pay. It is pure experience and creativity. Any good writing requires creative thinking. Each piece of writing is individualized by the character and creativity o f the writer Same with art. If everyone thought the same way then we wouldn’t have amazing paintings like the Mona Lisa by Leonardo Devinci or Starry Night by Vincent Van Gaugh that stands out from your local artist.Each artist has different styles of painting. An example would be modern art and scenery art. Each requires different strongholds in different areas of skill. Just like journalists, one writer may write amazing columns but when it comes to a hard news article they are not as strong. Secondly journalism and art is related by definition because they both have more than ordinary significance. Sylvia, who writes for the TAXI design network quotes, â€Å"When we are so deeply moved by an experience that we want to share it with others, we are where art begins. Art does not need to be â€Å"understood† or to be enjoyed.Like life itself, it can simply be experienced. Yet the more we understand what art can offer, the richer our experience of it will be. † T his statement can be related to journalism. As a journalist, we write about what moves us to share or inform others. Articles are not always written to be enjoyed. They are sometimes used to break the most horrid news. These types of articles just can only simply be experienced. This is part of the art of journalism. It is part of life. Good journalism as well as good art has impact on our life. An article may reveal secretes of the government and ddress problems that we should be aware of in our community. Art impacts our life the same way. The painting La Maja Desnuda by Spanish painter Francisco Goya raised much controversy in the late 1700’s. This painting was one of the first nude paintings depicting pubic hair on a woman. Goya was stripped of his position of a Spanish court painter after this painting was revealed. It impacted people, just like journalism. This semester I have had my first experience as a journalist. I am taking a newspaper print class and writing for t he school newspaper, The Bridge.When I first started the class I had no clue what I was getting into. Tight deadlines, different styles of articles, gathering information from sometimes non-willing sources, and the whole separate art of photojournalism were a shock to me. I perceive journalism as an art because of experience. Just like a painting it takes time, creative thought, and has different styles Many people argue that journalism is a dying art or not an art at all. I can agree with the fact that journalism is a dying art. Before television and radio, newspaper print was the only way of circulating the news other than by word of mouth.It is much different in this day and time. We now have television that have reporters report to us live news. A newspaper can not break the news live for its audience. Newspapers are finding it harder to be successful in this day and time. On the other side of this argument, people have more opportunity to write as a journalist because of intern et. It no longer binds us to local writing. A person in Kentucky can write an article for the New York Times and simply send it by e-mail in the matter of seconds. Some people do not think journalism is an art because they have not experienced it for themselves.Just like me, before I experienced journalism for myself I thought it was just like any other type of writing. These people think journalism is old fashioned and would much rather have their news delivered to them by television, bypassing reading an actual article because they want to be informed the easiest way possible. They believe televised media is more accurate and easier to be comprehended. We need to save the art of print journalism. When was the last time you seen a teenager reading an actual print of the newspaper when they were not in it?I think schools should make students read news papers to be informed of current issues in the community. This would better improve their reading skills and promote newspaper print. Journalism as an art will only die out if we let it. Work Cited â€Å"Art† Dictionary. com Random House, Inc. February 13, 2013. â€Å"Journalism†. Dictionary. com. Random House, Inc. February 13, 2013 Sylvia. â€Å"Visual Arts- More Than Ordinary Significance† designtaxi. com. TAXI design network August 16, 2005. Web February 3, 2013. â€Å"10 Most Famous Paintings of all Time. †touropia. com. Touropia. October 30, 2010 Web. February 3, 2013 .

Fast Food in HK Essay

Fast food, as you can understand is the term referring to food that is prepared and can be delivered in a fast time. It is traditionally American style meal that always included French fries, burgers and soft drinks. Restaurants store precooked ingredients, once the customer gives an order, take-away can be ready in a while. To be called as â€Å"Fast food†, these foods must meet a few standards: good time management, quality stability and fixed price. It is a very popular meal style in some well-developed cities, since the people have a totally busy life. The first recorded fast food restaurant A&W is founded in 1919 at the United States of America, and the second one is the famous company White Castle in 1921. In this century, fast food restaurants develop and most of them become chains suppliers. US people spent billions on buying fast food every year. The fast food globalization had now become a huge social issue. Nowadays there are over 500,000 fast food restaurants and thousands brands in the whole world. And today we are going to focus on the two head quarters in Hong Kong– McDonald’s and KFC. Introduction of McDonald’s McDonald’s is definitely the biggest fast food chain in the world. It founded in 1940 by Richard and Maurice McDonald. Nowadays, over 33,000 McDonald’s restaurants were established in the worldwide. The products of McDonald’s are in various types, mainly hamburgers, French fries, chickens and soft drinks. Sometimes, they will provide seasonal meal to attract customers such as ‘Shake Shake French fries’. Following differences of choices, McDonald’s would also offer vegetarian food too. In order to fit the culture, they may change the meal a little bit for example not providing beef in India. You can always find one on the street, because there are in total 200 stores in Hong Kong. McDonald’s became popular all the time due to busy life schedule of Hong Kong people. Introduction of KFC On the other hand, the Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) is the largest fried chicken shop in the world, and the second largest fast food chain after the McDonald’s. Harland Sanders founded KFC in 1930 at Kentucky in the United States of America. KFC practically sells fried chicken pieces, coleslaw and drinks. The popularity of KFC’s chicken comes from its original secret recipe which mixed with 11 herbs and spices. Not like the McDonald’s, KFC has a smaller scale with only 63 stores in Hong Kong. However, the numbers didn’t affect the KFC’s second largest place of fast food chain in Hong Kong. Advantages and disadvantages of Fast Food The biggest advantage of fast food is definitely FAST. People in modern societies are always in busy life schedule. Facing the hard workload, they may only have half an hour to have a meal and rush beck to their work. Thus, these quick service restaurants help to solve to lack of time problem. Meals can be prepared within ten minutes. No matter how delicious other food are, Hong Kong people have not enough time to buy ingredients, cook or enjoy. Second is the stability of food within one chain of fast food restaurant. Tastes are mainly the same in any store. You will never taste bad with the same meal. And the prices are predictable and affordable too. One fast food meal is always cheaper than you cook alone at home. However, fast food as called as junk food, affecting people’s health. Restaurant usually uses a lot of additives such as salt, flavorings and preservatives. The large amount of calories and additives are harmful to human body. Since the fast food is all pre-cooked, the nutrients of the ingredients are lost. Therefore, some people may say that fast food is only for surviving. Eating fast food in a long term may cause various diseases such as diabetes and heart attack. Comparison of McDonald’s and KFC In Hong Kong, McDonald’s is obviously in a larger scale than KFC. Except the differences on the food kinds, the way they run the company are a bit different too. Apart from fast food restaurant, McDonald’s have McCafes to provide desserts and coffee like Starbucks. Besides, McDonald’s have works in different area of society such as charity, children health affair. But the KFC is just only a restaurant in Hong Kong. Therefore, people would called McDonald’s as a better company than KFC in Hong Kong.

Chinese food in the United States( food as culture) Annotated Bibliography - 1

Chinese food in the United States( food as culture) - Annotated Bibliography Example The jury is a fundamental part of English judicial system, though few cases are decided by jury these days. It ensures that the judicial system works for the public’s benefit and not to benefit unjust leaders. It promotes not only a healthy society but also a healthy criminal justice system, where political leaders cannot silence their opponents by abusing the criminal justice system. Though it plays an important role, the constitutional position of the Britain’s jury is vulnerable as it is not written in the constitution (Michaels & Laura 54). Although juries play a significant role in criminal justice system, they usually deal with minor cases. The criminal cases are usually divided into three categories. â€Å"Summary† offences are the minor ones and are less serious in nature and are tried only in magistrate’s court. â€Å"Indictable only† is the most serious kind of offences while â€Å"triable either way† are the ones found between the serious offences and minor ones. The triable either way as indicated can be tried either in magistrate’s court or crown court (Towl & David 34). Majority of criminal cases are summary because they are commonly committed because they are least in nature and are listened in the magistrate’s court where the jury has no role. The other few remaining cases in crown court, the defendants either plead guilty and there is no need for a jury or a judge informs the jury that the law demands the judge to acquit the defendant. Therefore, cases heard by the jury are very few when compared to the total number of cases brought before court. The removal of the juries in civil cases was slowly and it might gave started in the mid nineteenth century, when judges were given authority to refuse a case be heard in front of a jury but by a sole judge. This led to the use of jury almost obsolete. The Supreme Court gives qualified jury right to the

Blue ocean strategy report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Blue ocean strategy report - Essay Example The book Blue Ocean Strategy urges the readers to revisit their basic strategy in trying to run a successful business and acquire a favourable profit while competing with similar companies/ businesses in the market who are offering the same products or services to a limited pool of clients. Ever since people have started doing business, they have been engaged in competition with other companies and have fought over market share and sustained profitable growth. This book deals with two separate market spaces, which are referred to as the â€Å"Red Ocean† and the â€Å"Blue Ocean† respectively. The Red ocean is comprised of all recognized industries also called ‘the known market’ (Kim & Mauborgne, 2015). This market has industry boundaries that are properly defined and rules of competition that is clearly understood. Here, the companies try to outdo their competition in a bid to capture a bigger share of the available market. However, with an increasing number of companies opening up, the market space starts to become saturated and the margins of profit and growth are diminished. This creates a tensed and complex competition in the market (Kim & Mauborgne, 2015). On the other hand the blue ocean represents an unexplored market place; it comprises of those industries that do not exist presently and an unknown market space is present where the competition ceases to exist. The blue oceans offer greater prospects of growth and profit of the company as it simply makes the competition irrelevant. There are no hard and fast rules of competition in this market place due to an absence of competitors. This market opens up new avenues for businessmen to explore where the profit, the market, and the clients are shared with little or no competition (Kim & Mauborgne, 2015). The Blue Ocean Strategy has been applied in the real world with great success; a few examples are Southwest Airlines as it became the world’s first low cost

Presonal development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Presonal development - Essay Example Opportunities for study and growth in professional careers are available to all living in the UK. I hope to have an evaluation of myself in context of personal and professional development. I need to have understanding of what positives I have in me that will help me in achieving my goals and what negatives I have that need to be fixed in order to be successful in my personal and professional life. Although personal and professional development plans are important at every phase of life but this is the most important time for me to evaluate myself and develop personal and professional development plan. I served in Abu-Dhabi police for more than 4 years and my experience of working there was so great that I have opted this profession as my career path. My aim is to join the police force after I graduate with the degree of police officer in 2011. Strengths: I feel that one of my key strengths is decision making, it is used throughout life because one has to make smaller or bigger decision during the course of life. It’s very common that before making an important decision, there are clouds of confusion all around. I experienced it making decision of higher studies in the UK. It was a tough decision, as majority of my friends and my relatives were pursuing their higher studies in Abu-Dhabi. I compared all the pros and cons of this situation did a fair bit of risk assessment and finally I was quite sure in my mind that I have made the right choice in the given circumstances. If I look at my career path and my motivation of becoming a Police Office, I feel that this strength of decision-making will help me a lot in my career development and growth. Another key strength I found about myself during self-assessment is of quick learning and adaptability. This strength helped me when I left my native country and came to UK. Learning variety of courses

History of America since 1877 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

History of America since 1877 - Essay Example During that period politically, the nation was mostly dominated by Republicans. In around 1900, there was an era which came up known as the Progressive Era. This era brought political and social reforms, such as better and improved education and a higher state of recognition for women, and modernization of many areas of government as well as society (Capozzoli, 45). During this period, around 1877 and 1900, there was a great battle against corruption which was put up and it actually worked to the reduction of corruption. There was an unprecedented wave of European immigration and these immigrants provided the labor; hence the expansion of industry and agriculture and also increased population leading to fast-growing urban America. In around 1898, there were two important wars where the US fought against and defeated Spain, which resulted in Cuba gaining independence and eventually also the Philippines in 1946 (Capozzoli, 75). America tried and failed to negotiate a section of settlement for  WW1 then entered the war to oppose German militarism. The U.S. got victorious due to its financial, agricultural, industrial as well as its military strength.

Feminism in Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Feminism in Literature - Essay Example Men had more rights, and it seemed to be the most natural thing. The term "feminism" generally meant "the qualities of females during the mid-1800s. (Sally Haslanger; Topics in Feminism, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) But in a way, it sort of distinguished women from men and may have led some women to start comparing the rights and roles attributed to both. After the First International Women's Conference in Paris in 1892, the term "feminism" came to mean "the belief in and advocacy of equal rights for women based on the idea of the equality of the sexes." (Sally Haslanger; Topics in Feminism, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) "On the wave model, the struggle to achieve basic political rights during the period from the mid-19th century until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 counts as 'First Wave' feminism. Feminism waned between the two world wars, to be 'revived' in the late 1960s and early 1970s as 'Second Wave' feminism. In this second wave, feminists pushed beyond the early quest for political rights to fight for greater equality across the board, e.g., in education, the workplace, and at home. More recent transformations of feminism have resulted in a 'Third Wave'. Third Wave feminists often critique Second Wave feminism for its lack of attention to the difference among women due to race, ethnicity, class, nationality, religion, and emphasize 'identity' as a site of gender struggle." (Sally Haslanger; Topics in Feminism, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) No doubt, feminism was meant to be founded and rallied for by women - it was just a question of which age in the history of the world it was destined to finally be started. No doubt, women were destined to know there is more to life that what it had to offer them during the dark ages when the world was mostly the men's world. A.2 The Major Issues and Concerns of Feminism There have been many published definitions of feminism, and there have been varying causes that feminism, as represented by different groups of women, has lobbied for. One general statement about feminism goes as follows: "Feminism is both an intellectual commitment and a political movement that seeks justice for women and the end of sexism in all forms." (Sally Haslanger; Topics in Feminism, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) Justice for women, though, cannot always be easily determined - because women do not always compose one unified and solid group. This is because of the many varieties and differences that can be used as divisions - this can be both good and bad. When done in a logical and organized way that is accepted by everybody as binding and fair, then the further formation of small groups within the whole all-encompassing group would have meant strength in terms of unity and solidarity in the face of many issues and problems of the society. Feminism may be deemed as simply protecting the interests of women or fighting for their equal rights with men. "However, there are many different kinds of feminism. Feminists disagree about what feminism consists in, and what exactly ought to be done about it; they disagree about what it means to be a woman or a man and

Internet and Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Internet and Democracy - Essay Example Internet communication is probably the fastest way of communication. The introduction of internet and other computer-based communication technologies has opened up many possibilities in different aspects of human life. Distance is no longer a constraint for information interchange because of the advanced internet and wireless technologies. Even the outer universe communication and data analysis are made possible with the introduction of wireless technology and internet. Most of the common people believe that internet is just for information interchange only. But the internet can influence other regions of the human life as well. It can assist job seekers in getting jobs, it can assist students in improving their learning potentials, it can act as an excellent medium for advertisement, it can act as a market where people can sell and purchase goods or services etc. Even the politics seem to be one beneficiary of the internet. In early 90’s it is believed that internet can enhan ce the political process of democracy immensely. Though internet requires a lot of financial and intellectual investments, the lack of centralized control over the internet raised doubts about the implementation of internet technologies for the strengthening of democracy. â€Å"Democracy involves a separation of powers and popular participation in governmental affairs. During the era of the Enlightenment and 18th-century democratic revolutions, public spheres emerged where individuals could discuss and debate issues of common concern† (Douglas Kellner). Democracy can be defined as a system in all citizens can directly participate in the decision-making process. Proponents of democracy believe legislative, judicial, and executive powers should be handled by the people. Or in other words, the representatives in these three sectors must be appointed by the people.

Multinational running and risks management of Domino Print Plc 01272 Essay

Multinational running and risks management of Domino Print Plc 01272 - Essay Example Domino Printing owns seven distinct business units or subsidiaries which are, Graph-Tech, Citronix, Domino UK, PostJet Systems, Mectec Elektronik, Wiedenbach Apparatebau and Purex International (Marketline, 2014). The commercial printing industry has recorded a valuation of $383.2 billion, which is a 2.1% growth in the year 2011. The market has been forecasted to perform well in the coming five years (Marketline, 2014a). As of the fiscal year 2013, the company has earned revenue of $524.2 million, which is a 7.6% increase over the previous year. The operating profit of 2013 is $27.1 million which is a 66% decrease from 2012 (Morningstar, 2015). This paper is focused on the financial structure and activities of Domino Printing Sciences plc, along with the involved political and exchange rate risk in overseas transaction. The above table indicates that the revenue of Domino Printing has increased steadily over the past five years. This suggests that the company has successfully been able to make increased cash generation in the recent years. The gross profit has also increased over the years in a steady manner. The consistent increase of revenue and gross profit suggests that the company has been performing well over the years. However, according to the graph it can be stated that the company’s net income decreased severely in the year 2013 as it took a deep plunge from  £41 million in 2011 to  £6 million in 2012. It has managed to increase the net income in the next year to  £45 million. Thus it can be stated that Domino Printing Sciences has been successfully restores its loss making and rejuvenated its profitability. Domino Printing was established in 1978 and got listed in the LSE (London Stock Exchange) in 1985. Ever since the inception of the company it has expanded exponentially by making several corporate and financial activities. Domino printing sciences has bought 5,331,451 shares of Montaro,

Cessna Headquarters, Wichita, Kansas Essay Example for Free

Cessna Headquarters, Wichita, Kansas Essay The words â€Å"Cessna Skyhawk† have special meaning for anyone who has ever wanted to learn to fly. At 27 feet long and 8 feet tall, with a 36-foot wingspan, a 140 mph cruising speed, and room for two adults and their luggage, more people have learned to fly with a Cessna Skyhawk than with any other plane in aviation history. In fact, the Cessna Skyhawk is the best-selling plane of all time. Clyde Cessna built his first plane in 1911, and Cessna became a storied name in aviation. Cessna built 750 gliders for the army in World War II, introduced the Skyhawk in 1956, produced the first turbo-charged and cabin-pressurized single-engine planes in the 1960s, delivered its first business jet in the 1970s, topped $1 billion in sales in the 1980s, and then, in one of the worst downturns in the history of aviation business, nearly went out of business over the next decade and a half. Sales of general aviation aircraft, which had topped out at 17,000 planes per year, dropped to 12,000 planes within a year, and over the next decade finally hit rock bottom at 928 planes for the entire industry. During the same time, Cessnas sales of piston-engine planes, like the Skyhawk, dropped from 8,000 per year to just 600. Cessna was forced to lay off 75 percent of the employees at its piston-engine plane factories (Cessna also makes business jets and larger planes) and eventually stopped making piston-engine planes altogether. However, after the economy improved and the U.S. government approved the General Aviation Revitalization Act (barring product liability lawsuits on any plane over 18 years old), Cessna decided to start building its legendary Skyhawks again.

History Of The Muscle Car English Language Essay

History Of The Muscle Car English Language Essay when most people think of a muscle car they think of a mid-size model car, with V8 engines, generally produced between 1960 and 1973. Most muscle cars were current mid-size models being produced [The passive voice is a form of be (being) and a participle (produced). Over-use of the passive voice can make paragraphs tedious to read and officious. Try to use the active voice most often, e.g., the student completed the paper on time. The passive voice versionThe paper was completed on time by the studentSee eCampus>CWE>Tutorials Guides>Grammar Writing Guides>Active passive voice] by car manufacturers, and they added a large V8 engine, special trim, and usually better handling and performance options like suspension, braking, etc. intended for maximum acceleration on the street or in drag racing competition. It is [It is is an awkward phrase if it is not clearly a thing] distinguishable from sports cars, which were customarily considered [Passive voice] smaller, two-seat cars, intende d for high-speed touring and possibly road racing. But really [Clearer writing suggestionreal or really means existing in actualityit adds little to the meaning (and using it to mean big, very, or genuine is slang); replace it with a more expressive word] the firs muscle car every made was a 1949 Oldsmobile Rocket 88. But it wasnt tell 1951 that the Oldsmobile Rocket 88 got [Doctoral rule (although good advice for any academic writer)got is informal English and can mean many things; in academic writing, use forms of arrive at, can, could, grows, is able to, etc.] really famous with the creation of the Hudson Hornet the first of the American muscle car to be a famous race car. How can you [Eliminate second person (you, your) in academic documents and avoid addressing the reader directly. Use third-person pronouns (he, she, it, they)] tell if a car is a Muscle Car? [Unless in a quote, avoid rhetorical questions in academic writing] First the particular car would likely be a limited production version of a street car, like the Boss 302 Mustang and the Mach 1/GTs. It had some kind of performance suspension designed for going from 0 [Write out numbers under 10] to 100 as quickly as possible or to handle well on a track and often to do both. Second it will have some kind of high output motor or the biggest motor that could be stuffed [Passive voice] under the hood, Till [Check spelling: Although often used interchangeably, for greatest clarity in academic writing, use until to mean a length of time yet to lapse, till to mean turning the soil, and avoid til altogether] the end of 1950s, car manufacture was monopolized [Passive voice] by England, France, Italy, and America, etc. But during the 1960s they saw a drastic change in the market as European manufacturers started adopting better technology that resulted in innovative models. Meanwhile, Japan too started successfully manufacturing automobiles in a major way, starting with its Keicar. The most common muscle car you [second person] think of is probably the Ford Mustang. But the mustang wasnt always made by ford originally it was made by Shelby. Then in Mustang debuted in 1965, but did [Remove comma if the following is not an independent clause] you [second person] know that it wasnt the firt muscle car envented the first mucsle car was an Oldsmobile Rocket 88 car companies have been fighting trying to see who could think of a way to make the most powerful and fastest car ever since the first car was produced [Passive voice] in 1885,. then in 1949 Oldsmobile accomplished that goal with the creation of the Oldsmobile Rocket 88 the very first muscle car to be produced. [Passive voice] After that Performance stayed the for the next 6 [Write out numbers under 10] year. But Then in 1955 Chrysler invented the C-300 on of the classics putting them on top with there performance. The C-300 had a 300 horse power Hemi engine the most powerful engine at that time making the C-300 American fastest and mots powerful car manufactured in 1955 which [Use that for a restrictive phrase (or place a comma before which)] included the Ford Thunderbird, the Corvette, and the Chevy Bel Air. The reason the C-300 was more powerful then all those other cars was that the Hemi engine could could [Typographical error: eliminate duplicate word (if on the same line)] go from from [Typographical error: eliminate duplicate word (if on the same line)] zero to sixty [Express numbers higher than nine in digits (when not the first word in the sentence)] in 9.8 seconds and it had a top speed of 130 mph. But these performance numbers were nothing compared to what they would see during the next decade. Because as the other car companys climbed up in the competition, the cars became mor e powerful. There for the American muscle car era was born. The muscle car era coincided with the baby boom generation at the end of World War II, as the soldiers came home there babies were everywhere! And [In academic writing, avoid starting a sentence with a conjunction ] cars during WWII and after were pretty [Vague wordingpretty is a weak word (old Fifties slang) if used to mean very. It means attractive. Use very or another adjective.] conservative in their styling and speed. So the Chop Shops and performance shops sprung up quickly as the war came to an end, leading to the birth of the hot rod. But the only problem was that it was to [Misspelling: too] expensive, and took a lot of [Only commercial shipments and real estate are measured in lots. To use a lot of to mean many, much, or a large amount is a colloquialism (not universally clear). Use another term.] effort and time to modify a car. But It was not economical possible for most people at that time. But it was a lot [Avoid using lots or a lot of] cheaper to make a muscle because of the factory maintenance so they was able to sell the muscle cars for a lot [Avoid using lots or a lot of] less so which [Use that for a restrictive phrase (or place a comma before which)] is what made muscle cars such successful sellers with the new baby boomers. But since [Check word choice: Since is more precise in referring to time (after that); otherwise use because] it was cheaper certain models lacked in power and speed. But by the 1960s [Check spelling: if the preceding is a year, following the year with apostrophe-s means possessive; leave out the apostrophe before s] that all changed This is the decade [Passive voice] that built the muscle car specifically for the drag racing crowds. Its [Check spelling: If meant to be it is, avoid contractions in formal writingwrite it out; if meant as the possessive of it, remove the apostrophe. The possessive form of it is its] also the decade that made the muscle cars we [Use we, us, or our to mean yourself and coauthors, not general humanity (or yourself and the reader)] think of today was invented. [Passive voice] Such as [Beginning with these words, the following is most likely a sentence fragment] [Check word choice: such as refers to things that are exactly what you are discussing; like means something similar to what you are discussing] the charger, GTO, Chevelle, Mustangs, Firebird, and Camaros. In the early 60s [Check punctuationSingle quotation marks are only for a quotation within a quotation. Otherwise, use double quotes ] the only American sports car that was counted [Passive voice] as a muscle car was the Chevy Corvette at a price that was way too high for most. The Ford Thunderbird had grown into a large luxury car (and Ford heard many complaints about this). Imported sports cars, mostly from England, were selling well. Within a few years the post-war baby boomers would be buying their first car. The Mustang II concept car generated a lot of [Avoid using lots or a lot of] excitement and led directly to the first Mustang less than a year later. The 1960s also saw the opportunity of pony cars and muscle cars in America, where [If not referring to a place, use in which] performance of vehicles mattered the most. The Ford Mustang was another popular car of this period and enjoyed a great deal of fanfare till Chevrolet released its Camaro Z28 in 1967, to compete with it. Ford in turn accepted the challenge and brought forth the Mustang Boss 302 and the Mustang Boss 429 in 1969, which again was lapped [Passive voice] up by people in general. Then in 1964 Pontiac made one of the big brake through in muscle car history with the Pontiac Tempest. The GTO package on this model added a 389 V8 engine, and a floor-shifted transmission, as well as [No comma before as well as (which means in addition to and is not a conjunction the equivalent of and)] special trims and GTO badges being [Doctoral rule (but good advice for any academic writer)If not a noun (as in human being), the word Being is hard to imagine; it means existing. Try to rewrite this without using beingwith words like attending, working, living, experiencing, simply asor even removing being completely] the fastest muscle car made that year. The only problem was that GM Corporate had a policy at this time [Wordiness: these words mean simply now] that did not allow anything other than a full size model to have anything larger than a 330 cid engine. So Pontiacs engineers decided to work around that policy by offering the 389 cid engine as an option as well, instead of c reating a new model for it. Pontiac planned on selling 5,000 GTOs that first year; but instead they ended up selling 32,450 GTOs that first year putting them way over there goal. In 1967 GMC decided to come out with the Chevrolet Camaro. After watching ford two years making money off the Ford Mustangs success, General Motors finally launched its entry into the high performance [Spellingas an adjective, these two words should be a single hyphenated word] pony car segment introducing the Chevrolet Camaro. Although available with a mediocre six cylinder for volume sales, the Camaro also could be equipped [Passive voice] with several V8s and a bunch of performance options. the [A sentence begins with a capital letter (or is this an incomplete sentence?)] Z/28- would change the industry of muscle card view of fast pony cars forever. the [Needs capital letter] Camaro was named [Passive voice] after the French word for comrade, even no some peaple argued that it was actually [Clichà ©: actual and actually are weak words whose meaning is nothing more than in point of fact. They are often used as intensifiers but usually can be deleted with no change in meaning ] Spanish for a type of shrimp. Not exactly a good name for a new pony car. Luckily, the Camaro had the muscle to back it up. The Camaro was based [Passive voice] on the 1968 Chevy Novas model and it featured a uniqe [Word choiceuse an] body structure from the windshield and firewall back, with a separate steel rail subframe for everything up front. The Camaro was available from the start in hardtop coupe and convertible body styles, and could [Punctuation: remove the comma if the following is not an independent clause (could not be a sentence by itself) OR is not the last element in a series of more than two] be order with nearly 80 factory options and it had up to 40 different dealer accessories options, including three main option packages and a choice of four different engines. The RS package included numerous cosmetic changes including a blacked out grill with hidden headlights, revised parking and tail lights, upgraded interior trim, and RS badging. Of greater interest to enthusiasts was the SS package which [Use that for a restrictive phrase (or place a comma before which)] included as standard equipment a modified 350 cid V8 (the first 350 engine Chevy ever offered) with an available 396 cid big block producing 325bhp (L35) and later a 375bhp version, along with simulated air-intakes on the hood, special bumble bee striping, and a blacked out grill. It was [Avoid it is, etc.] possible to order both the RS and SS packages, and get a RS/SS Camaro, in which case the RS badging took precedence. Camaro popularity soared when a RS/SS Convertible with the 396 paced the 1967 Indianapolis 500 race. In December 1966, Chevrolet then quietly released one of the most famous options codes of all time, option Z-28. Unpublicized and unknown by most of the buying public (and most Chevrolet sales people [The preceding two words are spelled as one word] for that matter) and not mentioned in any sales literature, the only way someone could order the Z-28 package was to order a base Camaro with the Z-28 option, mandatory front disc brakes with power assist, and the Muncie 4-speed transmission. You [second person] could not order the SS package, automatic transmission, air conditioning, or the convertible. What you [second person] got was a unique 302 cid small block (Non-California emission cars were labeled [Passive voice] MO while [Clearer writing suggestionWhile is accurate in linking simultaneous events (in the sense of during)otherwise use although, whereas, and, or but] California emission engines were labeled [Passive voice] MP) that was created [Passive voice] by taking the 327 blo ck and installing the short-stroke 283 crank. Specifically designed to compete in the Club of America Trans Am racing series which [Use that for a restrictive phrase (or place a comma before which)] placed a 305 cid limit on its entries, the Z-28 was available to the public solely to qualify the car for racing. Advertised horsepower was listed [Passive voice] at just 290bhp, which was not very impressive until one hooked it up to a dyno and got actual [see above] readings of 360-400 bhp. The Z-28 also came with a competition suspension, broad racing stripes on the hood and trunklid and could be combined [Passive voice] with the RS option package. There was [There was is an awkward phrase if there is not clearly a location] no Z-28 badging at all, lest it attract to much attention. The Z-28 proved to be difficult to launch on the street because its high reving engine was lethargic under 4000rpm and worked best when it was shifted [Passive voice] at 7500rpm (!). Once it got going, the Z28 was tough to beat and boosted a 140mph top speed and numerous racing victories. Only 602 Z-28s were sold in 1967, making it a truly [Clearer writing suggestiontruly means in a true manner (as opposed to a false or lying manner), and this does not appear to be the intention. In casual conversation this word can mean accurately, most clearly, or indeed, but avoid it in academic writing or especially an international business communication] desirable collectable. But the each year, muscle cars kept on getting bigger and heavier, due to [Check word usage: This phrase is most accurate in referring to something owed ($5 due) or an arrival time (due at 6:00)try because or because of] added options. This lead [Check spelling: unless this is a noun (as in team lead) or a present/future verb (they will lead the charge), the past-tense verb is spelled led (as a noun, lead is the metal in cannon balls)] to a new breed of stripped-down muscle cars, such as the Plymouth Road Runner and Dodge Super Bee. These were designed [Passive voice] to cost less than most the other models, without the extra options and plush interior. They were designed [Passive voice] to be cheap race car, that [Remove comma before that preceding a restrictive phrase (otherwise replace that with which)] way there you could go race the same day you bought the car without any modifications and still win! Chrysler introduced the viable pony cars in 1970 with the introduction of the Challenger and the newly designed Barracuda. The 1970s [Check spelling: if the preceding is a year, following the year with apostrophe-s means possessive; leave out the apostrophe before s] started out good. It was [Avoid it is, etc.] consider by most as the pinnacle year for the classic muscle cars. Then the world changed when the fuel prices began to rise, the insurance companies started raising rates and the economy began to slow down. By 1975, most muscle cars had been discontinued [Passive voice] or heavily downgraded, effectively ending the muscle car era. Because performance was no longer a consideration for the automotive customer was looking for fuel economy, and not [Punctuation: remove the comma if the following is not an independent clause (could not be a sentence by itself) OR is not the last element in a series of more than two] power and [Check punctuationinsert a comma before this word if this is the last in a list of more than twoor if it begins a new clause] speed in there performance. Because of that the Hemi Cuda and Challenger stopped getting manufacturer, and The Chargers and Chevelles were now [Clearer writing suggestionUnless you are making a philosophical statement (Now is the time to improve myself) or mean as of the present time (the business is now known as Ajax Corp.), consider removing nowsince this is being read after the time you wrote it, now is in the past] sold as mid-priced luxury cars. The only cars to continue the tradition were the Firebird and the Camaro. Even no, they werent as powerful as they had been just a few years earlier. Nothing much happened to change that until the Ford Mustang was reintroduced [Passive voice] in 1979 as a performance model. When Henry Ford decided that the market had rested long enough. Then in 1982 the mucsle car era came back when a new Camaro and Firebird were manufacterd. Then In 1984 Chevrolet introduced a new Corvette. So Buick decided to shake things [Vaguenessthings is a wording gimmick to avoid further description] up with the Grand National. So by 1987 the Grand National had become one of the best muscle cars ever. Power and speed was back. So Muscle cars continued to improve all the way to the turn of the century. The cars kept getting better and better by the late 1990s [Check spelling: if the preceding is a year, following the year with apostrophe-s means possessive; leave out the apostrophe before s] these new muscle cars out did their classic muscle cars in every category. Performance, comfort, reliability and fuel consumption were all much better than they were in the 1960s. surprisingly, no one was worried that the Sales went down on all the muscle cars across America. Because General [A job title is not capitalized unless it is the first word in a sentence or associated with the name of a person or institution, e.g., Certified Public Accountant John Doe. If not, it is just a label, such as auto mechanic, nuclear physicist, fry cook, brain surgeon, professor, etc.] motors even stopped production of the Camaro and Firebird in 2002. The fourth-generation Chevrolet Camaro debuted for the 1993 model year on an updated F-body platform. It would retain the same characteristic since [Check word choice: Since is more precise in referring to time (after that); otherwise use because] the first-generations introduction back in 1967; 2-doors, 2+ [Write out numbers under 10] 2 seating, available as a coupe (with optional T-top roof) or , [Avoid leaving a space before a comma] rear-wheel drive, and a choice of V6 and V8 power plants [The preceding two words are spelled as one word] . The 1998 model year was refreshed [Passive voice] and revised with both exterior and engine changes. The fourth-gen Camaro would last up through the 2002 model year when General Motors discontinued production due to [Avoid due to, try because or because of] slow sales, a deteriorated sports coupe market, and plant overcapacit. Resources http://www.anythingaboutcars.com/1960s-muscle-cars.htm http://www.timelessrides.com http://www.musclecarclub.com http://www.musclecarrestorations.com http://www.musclecars.net http://carsnet.blogspot.com http://www.isnare.com http://www.chevellesrus.com http://musclecarfacts.net http://www.ehow.com http://www.articlesbase.com http://www.bharatbhasha.com http://www.carmemories.com http://www.t-ce.com http://www.conceptcarz.com http://musclecarfacts.net http://cars.about.com http://www.anythingaboutcars.com http://www.automotivelog.com http://www.car-part.ws

Strain Theories of Criminal Behaviour Essay -- Strain Theories of Crim

Strain theories of criminal behaviour have been amongst the most important and influential in the field of criminology. Taking a societal approach, strain theories have sought to explain deficiencies in social structure that lead individuals to commit crime (Williams and McShane 2010). Strain theories operate under the premise that there is a societal consensus of values, beliefs, and goals with legitimate methods for achieving success. When individuals are denied access to legitimate methods for achieving success, the result is anomie or social strain. This often leads an individual to resort to deviant or criminal means to obtain the level of success that they are socialized to pursue. This is the basic premise of strain theory. This paper will explore the evolution of strain theories by first examining their intellectual foundations which laid the foundation for Robert Merton’s theories of anomie and strain. Merton’s strain theory will be discussed in detail includin g the modes of adaptation that people use when faced with societal strain. Finally, the paper will conclude with the strengths and weaknesses of Merton’s strain theory and an examination of the criminological theories and social policies it has influenced. To gain an accurate understanding of strain theories it is best to first examine their intellectual foundations. One of the most important influences on the development of strain theories was sociologist Emile Durkheim. A structural functionalist, Durkheim argued that deviance and crime were not only normal, but also served a function in society. Durkheim believed that crime served the purpose of displaying to members of society what behaviours and actions are considered unacceptable as determined by societal co... ...y are bombarded from birth that they should desire and pursue money, power, fame, and success. Without achieving these goals they are seen as failures. Strain theories have shown that placing too much emphasis on individual success and the pursuit of happiness through the accumulation of power and wealth, can lead to an increase in crime. References Featherstone, R., & Deflem, M. (2003). Anomie and strain: Context and consequences of Merton’s two theories. Sociological Inquiry, 73(4), 471-489. Murphy, D., & Robinson, M. (2008). The maximizer: clarifying Merton’s theories of anomie and strain. Theoretical Criminology, 12(4), 501-521. Willis, C. (1982). Durkheim’s concept of anomie: Some observations. Sociological Inquiry, 52(2), 106-113. Williams, F., & McShane, M. (2010). Criminological Theory, (5th Edition). New Brunswick, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.

Relative File Organization :: Free Essay Writer

Relative File Organization This topic discusses different types of indexing techniques that allows the location of records in a file relatively fast with fewer accesses. The techniques that will be addressed deals with random access file organization only. As this is the best file organization that allows records to be stored randomly rather than sequentially or in a contiguous manner. By using direct addressing, a predictable relationship between a key of a record and the location of that record on an external file is established. Two different forms of addressing can be used to establish this relationship: 1.Absolute Addressing 2.Relative Addressing Absolute addressing make use of the storage devices to determine the relationship, and therefore it is machine dependent, e.g., cylinder-number, surface-number, and record-number if we are using cylinder addressing or sector-number and record-number if sector addressing is being used. Hashing Hashing is the application of a function to the key value of a record that results in mapping the range of possible key values into a smaller range of relative addresses. For example, if a company is to maintain data of 10,000 employees by using the employee’s social security number, which ranges from 1 to 999999999, into 10,000 relative positions. The hash function to be applied to the social security number must be able to match each 10,000 social security number into each relative address available. However, collisions do occur. Collisions occurs when two different keys, in this case two social security numbers, hash into the same relative address. These two different keys are termed synonyms. The relationship between the file space and the number of keys is described as the load factor. Load factor is the ratio of the number of key values to be stored versus the number of file positions: Load Factor = number of key values / number of file positions Prime-Number Division Remainder Prime number division remainder method works just like using the mod operator in Pascal or the % operator in C or C++. The key to a record is divided with a prime-number and the remainder from the division is used as the relative address for that record. Digit Extraction This method analyzes the key values to determine which digit positions in the key are more evenly distributed. The more evenly distributed digit positions are assigned from right to left, and the digit values are extracted and used as the relative address. For example, for a key value 546032178, the relative address could be 8134, from left to right the first, third, fifth, and eighth digit positions has been extracted.

The Business of Offshore Outsourcing in India :: Globalization essays, research papers

Offshore outsourcing of IT and business process outsourcing (BPO) is known to be the practice of hiring an external organization to perform some or all business functions in a country other than the one where the product or service will be sold or consumed. â€Å"In 2005 IT and BPO were estimated to have generated revenues of $36 billion contributing nearly 5% of the GDP† (â€Å"Virtual,† 2006, p. 1). It is very clear that BPO has transformed into a very large and profitable business, with â€Å"India leading the way by providing $7.5 billion in BPO revenue this year. India’s outsourcing capabilities have grown steadily throughout the last decade† (â€Å"Turning India,† 2006, p. 1). â€Å"In the 1980’s outsourcers in India did low skill jobs such as data entry and some software development. In the 1990’s they expanded by doing larger software projects, taking over entire IT systems and back office functions such as accounting for U.S. and European corporations † (â€Å"Offshoring,† 2006, p.1). â€Å"Indian IT grew on the relatively humdrum software work needed to fix the Y2k millennium bug at the end of the 20th century. It then received a boost from the dotcom bust, which in many firms in America and elsewhere caused IT budgets to be slashed, prompting outsourcing to India for a lower price† (â€Å"Virtual,† 2006, p. 1). The India of today has taken on new challenges and more sophisticated services such as engineering, research and development, and designing auto parts, and chips for wireless service (â€Å"Offshoring,† 2006, p. 1). â€Å"Now Indian firms can perform almost every service offered by the global giants of IT outsourcing and India’s core business remains â€Å"ADM† which is the application, development and maintenance of software, which accounts for about 55% of exports of IT services†(â€Å"Virtual,† 2006, p.1). Tata Consultancy Services, Infosys, and Wipro are the three largest Indian IT service firms in India, â€Å"Each are recruiting and hiring more than 1,000 people per month† (â€Å"Next Wave,† 2006, p. 1). J.P. Morgan Chase, a large investment bank in the U.S., plans to double its staff to 9,000 in the near future. These new employees responsibility will be to settle complex structured finance and derivative deals (â€Å"Next Wave,† 2006 p. 1). These new investments all show that India has moved into a third stage of the great Indian services-export boom. In the first stage, â€Å"firms such as Tata developed world-class expertise in software application development, and maintenance. The Business of Offshore Outsourcing in India :: Globalization essays, research papers Offshore outsourcing of IT and business process outsourcing (BPO) is known to be the practice of hiring an external organization to perform some or all business functions in a country other than the one where the product or service will be sold or consumed. â€Å"In 2005 IT and BPO were estimated to have generated revenues of $36 billion contributing nearly 5% of the GDP† (â€Å"Virtual,† 2006, p. 1). It is very clear that BPO has transformed into a very large and profitable business, with â€Å"India leading the way by providing $7.5 billion in BPO revenue this year. India’s outsourcing capabilities have grown steadily throughout the last decade† (â€Å"Turning India,† 2006, p. 1). â€Å"In the 1980’s outsourcers in India did low skill jobs such as data entry and some software development. In the 1990’s they expanded by doing larger software projects, taking over entire IT systems and back office functions such as accounting for U.S. and European corporations † (â€Å"Offshoring,† 2006, p.1). â€Å"Indian IT grew on the relatively humdrum software work needed to fix the Y2k millennium bug at the end of the 20th century. It then received a boost from the dotcom bust, which in many firms in America and elsewhere caused IT budgets to be slashed, prompting outsourcing to India for a lower price† (â€Å"Virtual,† 2006, p. 1). The India of today has taken on new challenges and more sophisticated services such as engineering, research and development, and designing auto parts, and chips for wireless service (â€Å"Offshoring,† 2006, p. 1). â€Å"Now Indian firms can perform almost every service offered by the global giants of IT outsourcing and India’s core business remains â€Å"ADM† which is the application, development and maintenance of software, which accounts for about 55% of exports of IT services†(â€Å"Virtual,† 2006, p.1). Tata Consultancy Services, Infosys, and Wipro are the three largest Indian IT service firms in India, â€Å"Each are recruiting and hiring more than 1,000 people per month† (â€Å"Next Wave,† 2006, p. 1). J.P. Morgan Chase, a large investment bank in the U.S., plans to double its staff to 9,000 in the near future. These new employees responsibility will be to settle complex structured finance and derivative deals (â€Å"Next Wave,† 2006 p. 1). These new investments all show that India has moved into a third stage of the great Indian services-export boom. In the first stage, â€Å"firms such as Tata developed world-class expertise in software application development, and maintenance.

Beowulf Biblical Allusions Essay

Therefore, taking Christ and comparing him to the equally gallant and exciting ere Beowulf from the poem â€Å"Beowulf,† demonstrates the ways that the two figures share numerous similar qualities. In many ways, â€Å"Beowulf† has countless connections to the well-known Christian bible. The most obvious relation to the bible that â€Å"Beowulf† has is the link that the character Beowulf shows to Jesus Christ. Beowulf functions as the Jesus Christ figure in the poem, with explicit associations between the two heroes. Jesus Christ is known to be the savior to his people. He Is kind and assists those In need.Beowulf shares this characteristic with Christ. Beowulf comes to Warthogs to offer neighborly help with no selfish Intentions In defeating the monster that has brought chaos to the Danes. In many ways Beowulf has been considered a savior to the Danes, and was highly regarded. The connection with Christ and Beowulf Is apparent with this presentation of Christ and Beowulf character. Jesus Christ and Beowulf also share common fates. When all but one disciple abandoned Christ, he was left alone to die by the crucifix. There is a connection to this biblical event when Beowulf is an elder fighting the dragon.All of his comrades left him to die, with the exception of Wigwag. These events bond the two figured together, and further prove Beowulf characterization duteous Christ. Christ also is destined to be at a constant battle with Satan. Beowulf Is similar to this with the fact that he must also constantly battle satanic creatures such as Greened, Grenade's Mother, and the Dragon. The link between the two figures Is thus further proven and Is apparent In this epic poem. Beowulf and Christ together are two tremendously comparable figures In the poem â€Å"Beowulf,† and the Bible.Anglo-Saxon pagan ideals contrast heavily with the Biblical allusions that Beowulf brings to the poem, and yet bring Beowulf and Christ closer together as one analo gous character. Christ and Beowulf bring comfort to their people, and serve as saviors to them as they valiantly battle and sacrifice their lives to the evil Satanic powers. However, despite the alleged respect and honor that the characters' people have for them, they both lose their lives due to betrayal. Jesus is left to die by reason of his traitorous disciples, and similarly Beowulf is abandoned in Attlee by his cowardly fellow warriors.Both figures met the same fate, and lost their lives. These events not only connect Beowulf to Christ In the poem, but also show that the poem has many Biblical allusions within Its context. Furthermore, while many people can easily be Inspired by Jesus Christ, many have yet to understand the similar aspects that Beowulf shares with Christ. It Is clear that the widely known Bible has influence everywhere in the world- among people and literature. Jesus Christ is acknowledged in a multitude of other famous literary works.

If Wishes Were Horses Essay

The first recognisable ancestor of the rhyme was recorded in William Camden’s (1551–1623) Remaines of a Greater Worke, Concerning Britaine, printed in 1605, which contained the lines: â€Å"If wishes were thrushes beggers would eat birds†. [2] The reference to horses was first in James Carmichael[disambiguation needed]’s Proverbs in Scots printed in 1628, which included the lines: â€Å"And if wishes were horses, pure [poor] men wald ride†. 2] The first mention of beggars is in John Ray’s Collection of English Proverbs in 1670, in the form â€Å"If wishes would bide, beggers would ride†. [2] The first versions with close to the modern wording was in James Kelly’s Scottish Proverbs, Collected and Arranged in 1721, with the wording â€Å"If wishes were horses, beggars would ride†. [2] The modern rhyme above was probably the combination of two of many versions and was collected by James Orchard Halliwell in the 1840s. 1] The last line was sometimes used to stop children from questioning and get to work: â€Å"If if’s and and’s were pots and pans, there’d surely be dishes to do. † In popular culture[edit] The phrase is misquoted in the 2002 television series Firefly in the series finale episode â€Å"Objects in Space† in which Adam Baldwin’s character Jayne Cobb gets upset and says â€Å"Yeah and if wishes were horses, we’d all be eating steak. Star Trek Deep Space Nine Season 1, Episode 16 was called, If Wishes Were Horses. In the episode entitled Things Fall Apart Season Six, Episode 21 of the television series The West Wing, Josh Lyman makes a reference to the poem while in conversation with a female campaign staffer who tells him that if media circumstances were different, their candidate, Matthew Santos, would have already locked up the Democratic party’s nomination for president. Josh responds by saying, â€Å"If wishes†¦ orses†¦ etc. â€Å" She erroneously attributes the quote to Bob Dylan by asking Josh â€Å"What is that from some Dylan song? Guys your age have this thing about Dylan. â€Å"[3] In September 2010, Alexandrea Mellen famously quipped, â€Å"If wishes were horses, then the horse market would collapse†. The phrase is used by the character Spike in the television series Angel. In addition, in the series finale, when another character wishes â€Å"to do more violence†, Spike replies that â€Å"wishes are horses today†.

Analysis on All the pretty Horses Essay

The title of Cormac McCarthy’s novel – All the Pretty Horses, reflects the significance and variance of roles that horses play in this coming-of-age story, as they relate to John Grady Cole who is the focus of the novel. The horse, which was the social foundation of Western American culture then, is described as an economical and practical asset to the boys – John Grady and Lacey Rawlins. However, the author also describes horses’ abstract qualities using idyllic and impassioned diction, depicting them as animals of a highly advanced spiritual nature, similar to humans in some ways. John Grady has an intimate relationship with all horses and understands the world of horses extraordinarily well. On his journey from Texas to Mexico, he learns that the world of men is very different from that of horses and is forced to rethink about the relationship between humans and horses. John discovers that his preconceived notions about men and human society are false. He finds that they do not live in a romantic world, as he had believed. Therefore, the title that McCarthy has chosen is ironic and symbolizes the change that John experiences. The author uses the title to represent John’s initial perspective on the world, which turns out to be the opposite later on. John’s life, like all of Western American society during the timeframe of the story, revolved around horses. In fact, I think that he is able to understand the horses more than he does about men. The horses in the novel represent strength, untamed passion, and most importantly, freedom of spirit. The veneration that the vaqueros have for horses is apparent in the tales Luis tells the boys. â€Å"†¦ the old man only said that it was pointless to speak of there being no horses in the world for God would not permit such a thing† (111). I feel that this quote demonstrates to the readers very well on the strong feelings of passion of the vaqueros, cattle-ranchers, that they value horses so highly that they are able to regard themselves as nearly divine. It also reinforces John’s romantic notion that horses are highly spiritual beings. Like the vaqueros, the boys respect the horses, and these animals play large roles in their lives. The boys use horses in many ways throughout the novel, such as companions and as means of transportation or escape. John even has dreams about horses, as â€Å"his thoughts were of horses†¦still wild on the mesa who’d never seen a man afoot and who knew nothing of him or his life yet in whose souls he would come to reside forever† (118). This style of expression used in referring to horses here â€Å"wild† and â€Å"souls† is idealistic and almost poetic. Furthermore, the fact that John dreams about horses in this way and that he wants to â€Å"reside forever† in their souls shows that he, like the vaqueros, thinks of them very highly. Throughout the novel, the author does not fail to use romantic and emotional language to describe horses and their connections to humans. By using venerating diction in describing the horses, the author portrays these animals as noble being with wild spirits. Besides that, with vivid imagery, the author is able to paint us a poignant picture of horses. â€Å"The painted ponies and the riders of that lost nation came down out of the north with their faces chalked and their long hair plaited and each armed for war which was their life†¦When the wind was in the north you could hear them, the horses and the breath of the horses and the horses’ hooves that were shod in rawhide† (5). This introduction of horses in the beginning of the novel demonstrates the passion and dedication that the author attributes to horses. The mood created by words such as â€Å"painted ponies† and â€Å"the breath of the horses† is passionate and emotionally charged. The author also continues to describe the raw energy and life that flows through the horses. â€Å"John Grady†¦was holding the horse†¦with the long bony head pressed against his chest and the hot sweet breath of it flooding up from the dark wells of its nostrils over his face and neck like news from another world† (103). These metaphors such as â€Å"the dark wells of its nostrils† and â€Å"news from another world† create a forceful likeness of mysterious animals with a nature that is foreign to humans. The horse’s â€Å"hot sweet breath†¦flooding up† displays the life and energy that fill the horses. This mysterious energy is also apparent later, when the author writes, â€Å"He rode the last five horses†¦the horses dancing, turning in the light, their red eyes flashing†¦they moved with an air of great elegance and seemliness† (107). This imagery of â€Å"red eyes flashing† and â€Å"horses dancing† is very mysterious yet still striking. The descriptive detail is very cinematic, and any of these scenes could easily be made into a movie. These extremely in depth  descriptions are so exaggerated that they are almost unrealistic, but they are able to create the desired effect in making horses seem mystical and bizarre. These are the romantic creatures that John sees, the â€Å"pretty horses† that can be taken off the title. John Grady’s connection with horses is as mystical as the horses themselves. He is one way or another, able to communicate with all horses on a deeper level than any other character in the story. This is evident on the Hacienda in the scene in which John and Rawlins are breaking some new horses. John â€Å"cupped his hand over the horse’s eyes and stroked them and he did not stop talking to the horse at all, speaking in a low steady voice and telling it all that he intended to do and cupping the animal’s eyes and stroking the terror out† (103). John’s ability to â€Å"stroke the terror out† of the horses is just like in a case of a parent calming a frightened child. Obviously, he must have some natural tie with these animals if he is able to do this. Indeed, the author has already unambiguously stated that such a bond does exist between John Grady and the horses earlier on when he writes, â€Å"The boy who rode on slightly before him sat a horse not only as if he had been born to it which he was but as if were he begot by malice or mischance into some queer land where horses never were he would have found them anyway† (23). This passage shows that John’s relationship with horses extends into the metaphysical range, a view that is reinforced throughout the novel as more is revealed about John Grady and the horses. As Luis says, â€Å"the horse shares a common soul†¦if a person understood the soul of the horse then he would understand all horses that ever were† (111). It seems like as if the author is trying to tell us that John Grady has this ability to be familiar with the soul of the horse, and that is why his relationship with horses is so unique. John’s reliance on his knowledge of horses as a guide in the world of men eventually reveals to him that the two species are actually very different. When John starts out on his journey, he has very little knowledge about the inner workings of the human society, but he has superficially assumed men and horses to be similar. As the author writes in the opening of the novel, â€Å"What he loved in horses he loved in men, the blood and the heat of the blood that ran them. All his reverence and all his fondness and all the leanings of his life were for the ardenthearted and they would always be so and never be otherwise† (6). John knows that horses are â€Å"ardenthearted† and believes that men must be the same too. He thinks that his journey will be a romantic and passionate one, like the horses he loves, and will strengthen his view of the world. However, he soon learns that his assumption is not what the reality is. Before anything unfortunate happens to him, John hears from Luis that â€Å"among men there was no such communion as among horses and the notion that men can be understood at all is probably an illusion† (111). The first doubts then began to creep into John’s mind, and eventually, he finds out about this personally. Instead of â€Å"pretty horses,† John’s journey is filled with murder and stealing, prison and broken hearts. His ill-fated journey proves clearly about Luis’ point, and totally destroys John’s belief that the world of men is at all an understandable thing. Finally, when it is all over, he returns home disappointed, only to find that both his father and his Abuela have died. John’s fanciful concept of the world of men now has been completely replaced by a â€Å"world that†¦seemed to care nothing for the old or the young or rich or poor or dark or pale or he or she. Nothing for their struggles, nothing for their names. Nothing for the living or the dead† (301). The world of â€Å"all the pretty horses† is nothing to him now but a distant memory. This reveals the title’s irony, a story titled All the Pretty Horses would apparently never involve the death and violence that is included in John’s travels. Indeed, John has come â€Å"full circle† and realized that his original assumptions about men were false. The title of McCarthy’s novel All the Pretty Horses is not meant to be taken literally. Before he runs away, John Grady believes in the world of â€Å"all the pretty horses,† because he has never known anything else. However, his time in Mexico disheartens him and forces him to believe otherwise, that the real world is not so simple, carefree, or innocent. John learns that the romanticism that he ascribes to horses cannot be applied to men. John respects horses and experiences the praise of these animals in the folklore of the day. His relationship with horses exists on many levels, by being his  transportation, his friends, and his spiritual companions. Furthermore, the author illustrates the horses with emotional diction creating almost a motif of passion whenever horses are described. John’s unusual understanding of the fervent spirit of horses leads him to believe that men are the same. However, on his bleak and disappointing journey, he learns that men do not have the same passion of spirit as horses. Instead, they are unpredictable, violent creatures, and their world is certainly not always pretty. I think that it is utterly important for us as readers to understand what the author is trying to tell us by looking at the title and try to understand deeper with the details that the author provides us. Initially I thought that this novel is just going to give details of various horses that man uses in many different ways. However, I was completely wrong on making the judgment by its cover – title. This novel teaches us about the reality in human world that no one will be able to predict what is going happen. He illustrates the morals and ethics that have survived throughout the ages, while ending up with nothing else is left, leaving only memories to be reminders of the mysterious and naturally beautiful time period. I am sure after reading this novel, one would never be able to forget the pain, suffering, romance, and above all loyalty inscribed on its pages or in the memories of those who lived through it.

Hypocrisy in to Kill a Mockingbird

Hypocrisy is a huge theme of Maycomb’s society and community spirit. For example, racism plays a huge role. In the Tom Robinson trial, he is accused of raping Bob Ewell’s daughter, Mayella. But the real story is that Bob Ewell is abusive to his daughter and accused tom Robinson because he’s black. Since the social community is mostly tipped on the scale of discrimination, there are excuses made for whites. This leads into another following example.In the minds of the â€Å"good Christians† blacks are made to be slaves and do everything a white man says. Atticus is completely against this and tells Bob off. In retaliation, Bob Ewell makes it certain Tom Robinson is guilty. In the end Tom is purposed guilty even though the evidence clearly shows he’s not. The Maycomb community thinks they’re doing what’s right for the town and titles themselves â€Å"The Good Christians. † A few people, like Atticus, know they are wrong and knows they only persecuted Tom Robinson by the color of his skin.Another example of hypocrisy referring to racism would be with Mrs. Gates. Mrs. Gates is completely against Hitler thinking what he did was absolutely horrible about what he did to the Jews. But then again in her own community people are persecuting blacks the same way. Another example similar to this is Mrs. Merriweather talks about saving the poor Mruans from Africa but thinks black people in her community are a disgrace. Scout and Jem throughout the book later discover the hypocrisy in the adult world.Some examples would be, Aunt Alexandria’s view on the Cunningham’s, Lula not wanting her kids to go into a black church etc: Jem noticed the hypocrisy in the Lula situation was Lula complaining about all white people being prejudice against them but in her hate for whites and their prejudice she is also being racist and prejudice. Scout and Jem then noticed someone being mad at a certain race for doing the exac t same thing they were doing.

Please go on YouTube & watch a 10 minute speech & write a paragraph or Assignment

Please go on YouTube & watch a 10 minute speech & write a paragraph or two analyzing the speech - Assignment Example Instead of just referring to one American, President began a sentence with the word â€Å"we† 12 times. The purpose of this was to stress how important this was for the American people as a whole. After detailed why this mission was so important, President Obama gave a brief outline about how these events transpired. This was done to reassure the American people that this mission was carried out with transparency and with the full knowledge of the president. Another thing that President Obama does is acknowledge the contribution of his Pakistan counterpart. In the conclusion of his speech, President Obama focuses upon the virtues of justice and achievement. Finally, President Obama touches upon spirituality by referring to God three times in his last few sentences. This is intertwined with talk of American and is thus reconfirming that America is on the right

MUS 327 Field Research Proposal Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MUS 327 Field Research Proposal - Coursework Example Ari Herstand is a Los Angeles based musicians who has done quite a number of music productions. He is one musicians who move crowds by his albums. He is an entrepreneurial artist. He has been chosen a number of times in both products advertisements, and some of his albums has featured as background songs in movies production industry. He is also a social marketer, utilizing his popularity to market products in social sites. The attention he creates to the press is quite impressive, and he occasionally appears in the media, communicating of his success and music dream. His music has featured in Television shows such as One Tree Hill and the Real World. The research proposal will hence seek to understand the effects of utilization of music in advertisements, social media, and film industry among other filed. Essentially, such utilization has an impact to both the music producer, the community, the products buyer and the music industry at large (Apaolaza-Ibà ¡Ãƒ ±ez, 2010). Titon, J. T., Cooley, T. J., Locke, D., Rasmussen, A. K., Schechter, J. M., Stock, J. P. J., McAllester, D. P., ... Reck, D. B. (2009). Worlds of music: An introduction to the music of the worlds peoples. Belmont, Calif. : Schirmer/Cengage

Week 4 research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Week 4 research paper - Essay Example Studies also found out that learning support system in companies is weakened and experts suggest that it should be enhanced to cater the new skills required by the emerging jobs offered. Also jobs are impossible to be gone as resignation and employees get redundant in firms. Probably the job mismatch is the problem that makes other people unemployed while the firms continue to look for replacements to fill-in the vacancies for months. As a solution, other companies tap the Internet and computer to outsource their works despite of geographical limitations as it offers cost-effective ways on doing the tasks for both the employers and workers. Employment has always been the common way for people to earn income to sustain the needs of their own and their families. They work in exchange for money and other forms of remuneration wherein the rate of salary is on a per-hour basis. It started in the Industrial Age where the factories were very popular and the prevailing trend was equal pay for equal work. In the economy of today, the same trend seems to be declining and problems arise. As globalization started and continue to progress from the late twentieth towards the twenty-first century, various changes occurred in the way people work and conduct businesses. Various perspectives have been used to study, identify and analyze the situations to come into terms on how to deal with the arising problems. It is about management, but it seems to be many things must be managed and it is not only about control. Perhaps the past principles in management and leadership may still be applied for the present conditions, but new theories, perspectives and improvements must be done to further understand and cope up with the fast pacing of the world today. People are caught in the confusion as knowledge and skills advance so quickly that the

Mr. Ps Case Study Solution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mr. Ps Case Study Solution - Essay Example As the report stresses  the primary objective being treatment of the patient is important for the patient and his wife to comply with the prescribed medication with the help of an outpatient’s nurse supervision. The medications include ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers, which will improve the health of the patient by stabilizing the patient for more therapeutic measures.This discussion declares that  most patients suffering from CHF diseases are adamant to undertake medication while in hospitals since they pray for their demise. Mr. P’s condition is similar, thus there is need for the patient to receive home care from his wife or the wife may hire a caregiver. The home care will involve contacting the nurse daily after referral and a weekly outpatient nurse’s visit to ensure the patient is in good condition. The patient and the caregiver should be educated on the various ways to improve the health of the patient and the consequences of failure to oblige with t he medication plan. Psychological education is important to ensure that the patient and the caregiver learn to accept the disease. The caregiver will acknowledge the essence of keeping constant communication and trust with the patient that will reduce the pain experienced due to depression and despair.  The patient will learn to become friendlier with the caregiver thus building a bond that will enable decision making easier for both parties and solve depression issues. The caregiver will learn the importance of trusting the patient on some decision making to enhance the patient feeling valuable.

Self-perception of young female and male students from Somali ethnic Essay

Self-perception of young female and male students from Somali ethnic group in Britain today - Essay Example Because of the changing structure of the education institution in Britain as well as the failure of several schools to sufficiently and fairly train or educate marginalised ethnic groups, such as the Somalis, an emphasis on issues of ethnic identity has emerged in relation to curriculum (Rutter, 2003, 29). Motivating a great deal of ethnic identity literature is frequently inherent and at times clear assumption that exposing students from disenfranchised ethnic groups to academic discussions of their own culture improves their mental and emotional security (Desforges, 2003, 42). Hence, the purpose of this study is to find out the current perceptions of Somali students in Britain of their own ethnic identity in order to ascertain the ‘best practices’ that may be applied to diversity management in the British education institution. 1.2. The researcher is confident that this study will provide an opportunity that would encourage critical reflection in Somali students of the ir ethnic identity. This study hopes to raise issues of group belongingness, conflict with the mainstream group, and individual identity. Certainly, the researcher views this subject matter as one valuable response to counteracting the failure of the British education institution to adequately and justly educate Somali students. ... r acknowledges that ethnicity is just one level of ethnic identity of students and that a variety of other variables influence how students understand their history and sense of group belongingness. 1.4. The potential users of this research are education practitioners such as school administrators and teachers. Understanding of the phases of ethnic identity development can aid teachers in correctly interpreting their students’ responses when they experience culturally or ethnically charged problems. And most importantly, Somali students as well as their families can use this research to understand their current situation in Britain and the possible means of dealing with issues of ethnic identity. 1.5. This study will try to answer the following research questions: 1. How do Somali students in Britain perceive their ethnic identity today in terms of their: a. relationship with their teachers; b. their socialisation experiences in school; c. their experiences with instructional practices and classroom curriculum. 2. Literature Review 2.1. Introduction London has the biggest Somali population at present. Somalis, in 2002, were reported as the biggest immigrant groups in London schools (Rutter, 2006, 177). Settlement patterns in the UK are influenced by ethnic identity. That ethnic identity establishes settlement patterns in UK schools possibly will have distinct groups of Somali children, with different experiences (Kassem, Mufti & Robinson, 2006, 91). A UK-born Somali child, for instance, will have distinct experiences from a child who immigrated from Mogadishu (Rutter, 2006, 177). Clan membership in the UK is less significant among migrant groups before 1988 but it remains extremely significant among new immigrants (ibid, p. 177-178). Memories of violence and

ESL Classroom Mgmt Strategies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

ESL Classroom Mgmt Strategies - Research Paper Example For any teacher to be effective in teaching English as a foreign language class management skills are prerequisite. It is an acknowledged fact that classroom management is of critical importance in enhancing the effectiveness of pedagogy since a lack of the same would result to a reduction in cognitive and overall development of the learners. As such effective teaching and learning of English as a second language is dependent upon effective classroom management (Brown 1-12). Classroom management entails the manner of controlling behaviour that would result in disruptions so as to ensure that teaching and learning is maximized. Pedagogical content knowledge entails all of the skills possessed by a teacher which enables them to transmit pedagogical content. This normally includes generic education and subject skills. Subject includes student and teacher based methods and approaches that are employed in the teaching of particular issues. Good examples are the Communicative Language teac hing or the Audio lingual strategy which are exclusive to the teaching of languages. Generic education pedagogy on the other hand includes learner teacher methods and approaches which may be employed in the teaching of any subject. ... sually migrants they may portray behavior which is not normal of the natural born members of the class and hence which would cause disruption (Buchman 143-148). Contrary to public opinion the terms discipline and management are not synonyms of each other. Many people associate discipline with punishment even as it is a means of modifying, correcting and inspiring desired behavior. While discipline is part of management it does not entail all the aspects of management. In addition to discipline management also involves the organization of students, materials, time and space to foster learning. It also entails the approaches and methods employed in order to have the ordered environment for learning and teaching (Bharkhuizen and Gough 453-471). The disciplining of learners in the second language class should be in such a manner that would show care and concern and not victimization (Allison and Rehm 7). Approaches in Classroom Management In classroom management it is important that the teacher employs a particular approach that would ensure he has a proper control over the class. Approaches employed in the management of the classroom include but are not limited to: punishments and rewards, learner teacher relations (Pedder 171-200). The teacher needs top foster compliance in the students by being assertive in the setting up of protocol for instance time of entry into the class, submitting assignments among others. New learners tend to test out the teacher and hence it is important that the teacher set out the protocols that are to be followed from the very beginning of learning (Brynes 472-494). Strategies which are geared towards the inhibition of negative learner behavior such as punishment may not be effective since learners of English as a second language may see this

Compare and contrast the nursing theorist models of Parse and Watson Essay

Compare and contrast the nursing theorist models of Parse and Watson - Essay Example Patients now want to be consulted first, they have more access to various medical information, and want to be respected, recognized, and referred to when it pertains to their well-being. All new developments have also made nursing a highly-specialized profession, and nurses must continually update their knowledge they gained in the academe and from work experiences with continuing education. A few examples of nursing specializations are in pediatrics, geriatrics, acute care, natal care, cardiology, surgery, palliative care, toxicology, and mass casualties, to name just a few. In this regard, the nursing profession must not lose sight of its primary or core mission, despite the modernity in health care delivery. Its main aim is to render human care in whatever setting, be it in administrative, clinical, institutional, assisted-living facilities, senior retirement homes, or in a medical research facility. It is quite easy to get lost in all the complexity and forget human values necess ary in a patient-nurse relationship. In an attempt to preserve the noble heritage of nursing, several prominent nurses and educators have developed their own theories with regards to nurses' responsibilities despite all the heavy workload, from a shortage of nurses to increased number of patients nowadays. This paper examines the theories of Jean Watson and Rosemarie Parse. Discussion Although there are many nursing theories propounded by eminent practitioners, there are a few of these theories which had gained widespread acceptance and greater credibility due to their salient points when it comes to giving patient care. Over the years, nursing schools and hospital administrators have promoted these viable nursing theories as models for the nursing profession intended to be followed and applied in all health care settings. The idea is that nursing has core values which are applicable anywhere, and these must be applied consistently so that a patient recovers faster, while the nurse retains his or her humanity as an archetypal ideal nurse. Jean Watson – she developed her own theory of nursing based from her extensive work experiences in both academic and clinical settings. She has an undergraduate degree in nursing, a master's degree in psychiatric (mental health) nursing, and also a doctorate degree in educational psychology, together with three other honorary doctorate degrees granted by three countries, of Canada, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. A basic principle of her nursing theory is the return to the basics, in effect, what Florence Nightingale of England had tried to achieve when she first founded today's modern nursing practice during wartime conditions to care for the wounded. The key elements of Watson's theory are composed of three paradigms in nursing care, which are the carative (from the Greek word of care) factors composed of ten basic elements, the trans-personal relationship, and the caring moment. All the three paradigms are intended to make a nurse aware that a patient is a person with feelings and emotions which can adversely affect his health if not handled properly. Moreover, a nurse must give due care to a fellow human being in a holistic approach, as contrasted to the medicines used to cure a patient (Watson, 2008). Rosemarie Parse –

Hp Compaq Merger Essay Example for Free

Hp Compaq Merger Essay The world’s largest corporate Information Technology merger began in September 2001 when HP announced that they would acquire Compaq in an all stock purchase valued at $25 billion. Over an 8 month period ending in May 2002, the merger passed shareholder and regulatory approval with the end result being one company. The new HP has annual sales of approximately $90 billion which is comparable to IBM, and an operating income of almost $4 billion. The merger was led by Carly Fiorina, the chairwoman and CEO of HP.   The president of the new HP was Michael Capellas who was the former chairman and CEO of the old HP and who has recently resigned and is now the CEO of World Com. Overall, many analysts were critical of the merger from the beginning since both Compaq and HP were struggling companies before the merger. The common question that has been raised by analysts is: Do two struggling companies make a better merged company? Some analysts have indicated that the merger is a gamble and that it is difficult to see any focused logic behind the merge considering that most I.T acquisitions are not successful. Prior to the merger, Compaq has been unable to grow despite previously buying Digital, while HP was trying to grow internally, without much success. Both companies were still adjusting to acquisitions they have made in the past and both were adjusting to new leadership (Fiorina and Capellas). The merger deal also means that there are many overlaps in products, technologies, distribution channels, services, facilities and jobs. Employee morale is a threat to a successful merger as there have been numerous layoffs -15,000 employees. The claimed annual cost savings of about $2.5 billion dollars by the year 2004 amounts to only 3 % of the combined costs of both companies. Gartner Group research has indicated that the merged company has failed to do a good enough job of presenting the benefits of an acquisition of this scale to justify the deal’s risk as it is generally known that technology mergers rarely work. In addition, both companies in the past have struggled to resolve conflicts between direct and indirect sales channels. The cultural background of both companies is quite different and integration will take a long time. The culture at HP is based on consensus; Compaq’s culture on the other hand is based on rapid decision making. From a positive perspective, most botched tech mergers involved companies that were trying to buy their way into new businesses they knew little about, this is not the case with the HP/Compaq merger. Apart from servers and PC’s, they have several areas where their products overlap e.g.: they are both are involved in making data -storage equipment and both make hand held computing devices. In addition, both companies also bring different strengths to the table. Compaq has done a better job in regard to engineering an entire line and HP has been strong in consumer products. The justification provided by HP senior management suggests that a merger will enable them to compete with two of their biggest competitors, IBM and Dell.  In conclusion, it is viewed by many analysts that there will be at least 2 more years of bitter infighting which will cause the new HP to lose direction and good personnel. This is great news for competitors such as IBM and Sun as both of them will be able to pick off the market while the new HP is distracted by the merger. The new HP may be a threat to IBM but not anytime soon. It could take several years to determine if the largest merger in I.T history will be a success or a complete flop. THE IT INDUSTRY PROFILE Information technology (IT) is a broad field that covers all aspects of managing and processing information. IT professionals design, develop, support, and manage computer software, hardware, and networks. From the exuberant growth of its early years to the uncertainty of recent times, the IT industry has stabilized—with job growth rates now rising steadily—and continues to change in order to meet the needs of the business world. While the wild optimism that surrounded the IT industry a few years back has been deflated, the IT industry is adapting to a changing market. New developments such as creating infrastructure for mobile technologies will continue to ensure the vitality and viability of the industry. And as the industry responds to new business needs, it will continue to evolve into a mature profession, a profession versatile enough to adapt to new demands and stable enough to support new innovations and developments. In information technology (IT), India has built up valuable brand equity in the global markets. In IT-enabled services (ITES), India has emerged as the most preferred destination for business process outsourcing (BPO), a key driver of growth for the software industry and the services sector. The IT industry is passing through a phase of mergers and consolidations in India largely in line with global trends. Companies are focusing on organic as well as inorganic growth. Indian IT companies are prowling for potential acquisitions both in the domestic as well as foreign markets. 3 Indian software companies – TCS, Infosys, and Wipro have all crossed the billion dollar mark. Competition in the Indian IT arena is increasing leaps and bounds with global giants like IBM, Accenture, and CSC etc.   Trends over the last five years tell the story of Dell’s increasing market share, at the cost of its competitors. This degree of competition prompted a  merger between HP and Compaq in 2001; IBM has refocused its priorities to lucrative corporate customers. In 2003, the PC industry grew 11 % as a whole. Despite differing focuses, all players saw an increased demand by consumers for new systems. INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPANY PROFILE HEWLETT PACKARD In 1938, two electrical engineering graduates from Stanford University called William Hewlett and David Packard started their business in a garage in Palo Alto. In a years time, the partnership called Hewlett-Packard was made and by the year 1947 HP was incorporated. It began offering stocks for public trading 10 years later. The company has been prospering ever since as its profits grew from five and half million dollars in 1951 to about 3 billion dollars in 1981. The pace of growth knew no bounds as HPs net revenue went up to 42 billion dollars in 1997. Starting with manufacturing audio oscillators, the company made its first computer in the year 1966 and it was by 1972 that it introduced the concept of personal computing by introducing the first scientific hand-held. HP introduced its first personal computer in the year 1980. The company is also known for the laser-printer which it introduced in the year 1985. HP – Product Portfolio * Laptop/Notebooks * Palmtops/PDA * Printers and Printing Consumables * Digicams * Scanners * Monitors * Mainframes Major Competitors * IBM – Servers, PCs, Storage and IT services * Dell – PCs * Canon – Printers, Fax, Copiers and Optical Equipment * Compaq – PCs, Servers and Pocket Computers COMPAQ Compaq Computer Corporation is an American personal computer company founded  in the year 1982. It had the charm of being called the largest manufacturers of personal computing devices worldwide. The company was formed by two senior managers at Texas Instruments. The name of the company had come from-Compatibility and Quality. The company introduced its first computer in the year 1983 after at a price of 2995 dollars. In spite of being portable, the problem with the computer was that it seemed to be a suitcase. Nevertheless, there were huge commercial benefits from the computer as it sold more than 53,000 units in the first year with a revenue generation of 111 million dollars. Company existed as an independent corporation until 2002, when it was acquired for $25 billion by Hewlett Packard. COMPAQ – Product Portfolio * Enterprise Computing Group * Mainframes * Servers * Workstations * Internet products * Networking Products * Commercial Products * Portables * Small and Medium Business Solutions Major Competitors * IBM – Servers, PCs, Storage and IT services * Sun Microsystems – Servers * Dell – PCs * HP – PCs, IT Services and Pocket Computers * Palm – Pocket Computers PRE – MERGER STATS FOR HP COMPAQ RELATIVE PERFORMANCE OF HP AND COMPAQ HP – COMPAQ MERGER â€Å"If HP was progressing at such a tremendous pace, what was the reason that  the company had to merge with Compaq?† Carly Fiorina, who became the CEO of HP in the year 1999, had a key role to play in the merger that took place on 3rd September, 2001. She was the first woman to have taken over as CEO of such a big company and the first outsider too. She worked very efficiently as she travelled more than 250,000 miles in the first year as a CEO. Her basic aim was to modernize the culture of operation of HP. She laid great emphasis on the profitable sides of the business. This shows that she was very extravagant in her approach as a CEO. In spite of the growth in the market value of HPs share from 54.43 to 74.48 dollars, the company was still inefficient. This was because it could not meet the targets due to a failure of both company and industry. HP was forced to cut down on jobs and also be eluded from the privilege of having Price Water House Coopers to take care of its audit. So, even the job of Fiorina was under threat. This meant that improvement in the internal strategies of the company was not going to be sufficient for the companys success. Ultimately, the company had to certainly plan out something different. So, it was decided that the company would be acquiring Compaq in a stock transaction whose net worth was 25 billion dollars. Initially, this merger was not planned. It started with a telephonic conversation between CEO HP, Fiorina and Chairman and CEO Compaq, Capellas. The idea behind the conversation was to discuss on a licensing agreement but it continued as a discussion on competitive strategy and finally a merger. It took two months for further studies and by September, 2001, the boards of the two companies approved of the merger. In spite of the decision coming from the CEO of HP, the merger was strongly opposed in the company. The two CEOs believed that the only way to fight the growing competition in terms of prices was to have a merger. But the investors and the other stakeholders thought that the company would never be able to have the loyalty of the Compaq customers, if products are sold with an HP logo on it. Other than this, there were questions on the synchronization of the organizations members with each other. This was because of the change in the organization culture as well. Even though these were supposed to serious problems with respect to the merger, the CEO of HP, Fiorina justified the same with the fact that the merger would remove one serious competitor in the over-supplied PC market of those days. She said  that the market share of the company is bound to increase with the merger and also the working unit would double. GROWING PROBLEMS AT HP * HP was not adapting to technological innovation fast enough * Margins were going down * IPG (HP’s Imaging and Printing Group) was the leader in its market segment but did not rank anywhere among top 3 in servers, storage or services * Printing line was facing competition from Lexmark and Epson which were selling lower-quality inexpensive printers * Needed to build strong complementary business lines HP’s POSITION BEFORE MERGER * By 2001, as the industry stumbled, meeting growth targets became difficult for HP and it was forced to cut jobs and scrap plans * As a result HP stock price dropped drastically * Turning the company around required more than just strategy from within OBJECTIVES OF THE MERGER * Increase competition with major competitors i.e. IBM, Dell * Cut costs by $3 billion annually by 2004 * Increase earnings for shareholders * Face the challenge of a shrinking market EXPECTATIONS FROM THE MERGER OF HP AND COMPAQ * The merger of HP with Compaq will create superior customer value by expanding its product range and together HP and Compaq can focus on R D in a greater extend. * The second best benefit that the merger will emerge is cost benefit by generating cost synergies reaching approximately $2.5 bn annually. * Drive a significantly improved cost structure, approximate assets of $56.4 billion, and annual revenues of $87.4 billion and annual operating earnings of $3.9 billion. * Adds up to world-class innovation and quality through the merger of two of the leading IT companies of the world. * Larger PC position resulting from the merger likely to increase risk and dilute shareholders interest. * Operations in more than 160 countries and over 1,45,000 employees. * Expand the numbers of the company’s service professionals. * Improves access to the market with Compaq’s direct capability and low cost structure. * Work force reduction by around 15,000 employees saving around $1.5 billion per year. * Improve HP’s market share. KEY POINTS THAT ENCOURAGED THE MERGER DECISION * HP’s failure to meet target (in spite of increased share value) * Merger as the way to fight the growing competition in terms of prices * Merger would eliminate one player in an oversupplied PC market * To compete with IBM and other companies * Reduce costs * 1990’s IT recessionary phase * Merger expected to yield savings projected to reach $2.5bn annually by 2004 * Advantage of more volume of sales * Development of direct distribution capability * Strengthen sales force * Improve customer base ADVANTAGES OF MERGER Merger would create a full-service technology firm capable of doing everything from selling PCs and printers to setting up complex networks. Merger would eliminate redundant product groups and costs in marketing, advertising, and shipping, while at the same time preserving much of the two companies’ revenues. MARKET BENEFITS * Merger will creates immediate end to end leadership * Compaq was a clear No.2 in the PC business and stronger on the commercial side than HP, but HP was stronger on the consumer side. Together they would be No.1 in market share in 2001 * The merger would also greatly expand the numbers of the company’s service professionals. As a result, HP would have the largest market share in all hardware market segments and become the number three in market share in services * Improves access to the market with Compaq’s direct capability and low cost structure * The much bigger company would have scale advantages: gaining bargaining power with suppliers. OPERATIONAL BENEFITS * HP and Compaq have highly complementary RD capabilities * HP was strong in mid and high-end UNIX servers, a weakness for Compaq; while Compaq was strong in low-end industry standard (Intel) servers, a weakness for HP * Top management has experience with complex organizational changes * Merger would result in work force reduction by around 15,000 employees saving around $1.5 billion per year FINANCIAL BENEFITS * Merger will result in substantial increase in profit margin and liquidity * 2.5 billion is the estimated value of annual synergies * Provides the combined entity with better ability to reinvest Even though it seemed to be advantageous to very few people in the beginning, it was the strong determination of Fiorina that she was able to stand by her decision. Wall Street and all her investors had gone against the company lampooning her ideas with the saying that she has made 1+1=1.5 by her extravagant ways of expansion. Fiorina had put it this way that after the companys merger, not only would it have a larger share in the market but also the units of production would double. This would mean that the company would grow tremendously in volume. Her dream of competing with the giants in the field, IBM would also come true. She was of the view that much of the redundancy in the two companies would decrease as the internal costs on promotion, marketing and shipping would come down with the merger. This would produce the slightest harm to the collection of revenue. She used the ideas of  competitive positioning to justify her plans of the merger. She said that the merger is based on the ideologies of consolidation and not on diversification. She could also defend allegations against the change in the HP was. She was of the view that the HP has always encouraged changes as it is about innovating and taking bold steps. She said that the company requires being consistent with creativity, improvement and modification. This merger had the capability of providing exactly the same.