Research Assignment 2 Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assignment 2 - Research Paper Example As mentioned above, people move from their original homes to a new region either permanently or temporarily. Their decision to either make their new environment home forever or temporary depends on their reasons for fleeing their original inhabitants. For example, those who move to seek refuge due to war may stay for long compared to those who moved in search of a lucrative career opportunity. The war victims are mentally traumatized; hence needs a new environment for a fresh start. Their decision may also be influenced by the level of hospitality of the  new  region. Communities that are less hostile encourage them to stay permanently while opposite hospitality makes them to continue migrating. Their ability to fit in the culture of their new region may also matter since moving to a region with completely different cultural practices can be frustrating. Immigration results to intermarriages across cultures. The resulting generation may have slightly different cultures but mainly adopts both cultures or keep the good cultural practices of each parent culture (Weller & Serow, 2013). Immigration and migration have led to globalization as people adapt to cultures across the globe whenever they travel to a new region. Consequently, cultures have become dynamic; they change with time and currently very few communities practice their primordial culture in pure forms. Religious beliefs are based on supernatural beings and differ across the globe. Religion is a very delicate and sensitive matter such that, any disobedience of religious norms is considered a capital crime and may cost one his or her life. In the past, there have been wars between  Christians and Muslims because of disrespect of religious beliefs. If one party’s religion is mishandled and ridiculed, there is bound to be a war. Everyone tends to protect their religion. Religion has a very significant role in social issues in the society. For example, marital stability is attributed to strong

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Neighbourhoods Young People Essay

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Neighbourhoods Young People Essay The phrase neighbourhood renewal/regeneration relates to a series of programmes in place to ascertain local needs and develop ways to deal with poverty and deprivation in the United Kingdom which are known as Super Output Areas (SOAs).   Local area based initiatives have been a universal approach to the problems that deprived neighbourhoods have endured in Britain since the 1960s. The majority of programmes at that time were very short term and tended to focus on single issues. In the late 1980s an integrated approach was tried. (Imrie and Raco, 2003). Initiatives started to increase in the 1990s and as a result of this, the number of the governance of neighbourhood regeneration came to be characterised by a series of interlinked and spatially overlapping partnerships (Imrie and Raco, 2003: 85). Labour introduced the neighbourhood renewal strategy plan in 2001, this was a new approach to tackle social exclusion and poverty in the most poorest neighbourhoods in UK. Tony Blair talked about the purpose of The Neighbourhood Renewal Strategy in his speech to the nation: where no-one is seriously disadvantaged by where they live, where power, wealth and opportunity are in the hands of the many not the few. This action plan is a crucial step in creating one nation, not separated by class, race or where people live   the purpose of the strategy was to narrow the gap between outcomes in deprived areas and the rest (Social Exclusion Unit, 2001:1)    The main aims of local based anti-poverty and community development programmes are to tackle the issue of social exclusion in the more deprived areas of the country. In relation to British social policy, the term social exclusion is relatively new. The government has described social exclusion as a shorthand term for what can happen when people or areas suffer from a combination of linked problems such as unemployment, poor skills, low incomes, poor housing, high crime, bad health and family breakdown. (www.socialexclusion.gov.uk). There are many different explanations for social exclusion, and many different factors which add to social exclusion, by examining the different factors programmes can be developed in order to address the problems and try to promote a more cohesive community. The individual can contribute to social exclusion by the nature of their race, gender, culture, beliefs, disability etc. Lack of resources Lack of opportunities to work Learning opportunities Health issues Decent housing Disruption of family life. Living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods (Haralambos and Holbron, 2004:253) Anti-poverty and community development programmes are targeting these areas with improvements in social housing, re-developing existing social housing, increasing education opportunities (such as access to education and grant schemes for students), making health care more available, targeting the younger generation to educate on matters that will effect their future, raising the profile of neighbourhoods. One of the projects I am more familiar with is the Sure Start programme (now known as Childrens Centres) and I am going to discuss the strengths and weakness of the centres. Governments Policies In 2003, the Government published a green paper called Every Child Matters. This was published alongside the report into the death of Victoria Climbie. The Green Paper prompted discussions about current services for children, young people and families. There was a wide consultation with staff that worked in childrens services, and with parents, children and young people. Following the consultation, the Government published Every Child Matters: the Next Steps, and passed the Children Act 2004. The Act provides a legislative spine for the wider strategy for improving childrens lives. This covers the universal services which every child accesses, and more targeted services for those with additional needs Department of Education and Skills, Children Act 2004. http://www.dfes.gov.uk/publications/childrenactreport Indeed, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown MP, speaking about child poverty at the Sure Start Conference on 7 July 1999, acknowledges that poverty is a many-sided problem which requires many-sided solutions: First, we must tackle child poverty at its source the absence of work, in work poverty and providing increased financial support for families to tackle child poverty, so that by our actions we lift a million and more children out of poverty. Second, what I want to concentrate on today, because improving public services health visitors, nurseries, playgroups, childcare, learning support in the poorest communities is vital to tackling child poverty, our Sure Start programme will invest in young children in areas of greatest need. Third, we must mobilize not just government, local and national, but voluntary help and community action and in the programmes we are introducing not only in Sure Start but in the New Deal for Communities and our expansion of childcare provision we must mobilize the forces of concern and compassion in new partnerships to tackle child poverty. Fourth, as David Blunkett has said, we must make sure that all our schools are as good as our best. In the old economy it was possible to survive with the old inequalities an education system that advanced only the ambitions of the few. http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/633.htm Key achievements: Labour has undertaken the biggest expansion in early years education since 1945; investing  £21 billion since 1997. Every three and four year old has the right to a free nursery place, which we will extend from 12.5 hours a week to 15 hours by 2010. Since 1997, the number of registered childcare places is up by around 644,000 from a place for one in eight children to one in four children. Delivered nearly 3,000 Sure Start Childrens centres, reaching two million children and their families. Labour has expanded nationally the Bookstart scheme which gives every one and two year old a satchel of books and every three and four year old a treasure chest of books and crayons. http://www.labour.org.uk/early_years Sure Start Sure Start was the Labour Governments programme that aimed to deliver the best start in life for every child. They bring together early education, family support, childcare, health and welfare advice. It aims to develop services in some of the more disadvantaged areas (identified by the multiple of deprivation indices. In Sure Start there is a normally a central office where all the team work together to support children and families in the local areas. The sure start programme was initially a ten year programme but was abolished in favour of childrens Centres. The change from Sure Start has not really been noticed and is still referred to as Sure Start. Amid all the hullabaloo about the governments 10-year childcare strategy, one quite momentous change has gone relatively unnoticed: the governments much-lauded Sure Start programme has been abolished. N. Glass, The Guardian, Wednesday January 5 2005 The Sure Start centres, provided integrated services including health services and family support services, as well as childcare. The different services that children centres provide for children and families contribute to the Every Child Matters outcomes. Local authorities lead in planning and implementing centres. Some of the services I have seen implemented at RoseHill include, support that has been individually tailored to meet the families and their childrens needs such as, parenting assessment, working with families in the home or at the centre based on a one to one basis, providing parenting courses that aim to improve parental skills so improve the life and chances for children. There are also family workers at the centre that deal with over 11s and their families and carers, this service aims to work through problems the family may have and keep the children at their homes with their parents. One big issue the centre faces in relation to families is that of extended families and the centre provides a much needed support framework and advice for children and families that are going through divorce and separation issues, given the families a safe environment to discuss issues and problems. Along side this are the other services normally associated with a Children Centre, education courses , healthy eating, reading and writing support, I.T. help, employment help such as C.V. writing and interview techniques, and childcare support. Some of the members include:   Education advisers Activities Volunteer co-coordinators Midwives Crà ¨che Workers Health Visitors Play workers Speech and language therapist Child care advisors Family Support (Social Services PEEP Workers IT Trainers One of the most important facts that impacted on the programme was that the Sure Start programme was not allowed to run its full ten years span, and little or no follow-up evidence was available for analysis, before expansion. With principal responsibility for Sure Start alongside my DfES colleagues, I had to argue against its immediate expansion on the grounds that it would be better to accumulate some experience of running it first. (By the October 1999, when I first discussed the scheme with the chancellor there were only two local projects actually running). My arguments did not win the day and in July 2000 the programme was extended to 550 local projects. Norman Glass Society Guardian, 2005:1 The Sure Start programme was very generously funded and when the programme was agreed to be spread around a further 3,500 centres, the money had to come from somewhere. This meant that the generous funding had to be more evenly distributed. This has meant that the centres had very limited funding and cuts had to be made. Although the Sure Start programme did not continue for the full planned ten year term and lost most of the generous funding, many of the good practice is carried out in the Children Centres that followed the Sure Start initiatives one of which is PEEP. PEEP is an early learning intervention, which aims to contribute towards improving the life chances of children, particularly in disadvantaged areas.  It concentrates on supporting parents/carers to develop three particular aspects of learning with their children: literacy and numeracy self-esteem learning dispositions The PEEP Learning Together programme  focuses on how to make the most of the learning opportunities in everyday life at home listening, talking, playing, singing, sharing books and having fun!  PEEP supports parents and carers  in their role as the first educators of their children. It works with adults about their childrens very early learning. http://www.peep.org.uk/section.asp?id=5 Another flaw of the Sure Start centres was that although Sure Start centres were based in deprived areas not all deprived children lived in these neighbourhoods. Because not all disadvantaged children live in deprived areas each small sure start programme could serve only a minority of disadvantaged children: those from adjacent areas could not could not participate and local authorities and health agencies were faced with relatively well-financed early years programmes in one part of their domain and much less well provided areas next door. This was very difficult to handle. Norman Glass Society Guardian, 2005:1 We know that children who grow up in poor families are less likely to reach their full potential, less likely to stay on at school, or even attend school, more likely to fall into the dead end of unemployment and poverty as an adult, more likely to become unmarried teenage mothers, more likely to be in the worst jobs or no jobs at all, more likely to be trapped in a no win situation poor when young, unemployed when older. http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/633.htm Another weakness of the centres is that it involves trying to motivate and empower the local community to identify their needs and participate in the management side of the day to day running. This requires community workers who have good community and social skills to encourage local community members to actively take part. The concerns were that after the ten years were up that the community centres would not have been taken on by the local members and the centres would eventually be closed down. The Childrens Centre at Rosehill was formerly a Sure Start Centre and the differences are striking. The centre has lost a vast amount of staff members and the funding has been cut considerably. The workers continue to provide opportunities for the local parents and children so the principles of Sure Start are being maintained. Some of the local projects are working well such as the Reclaim your garden for food, Further education for parents, IT sessions, and one particular programme that I am involved with is Without Walls. Without Walls aims to network within the community to bring people together and try out new activities. It aims to break down barriers between people by organising little trips and coffee mornings with a view to a residential trip in the near future. The strengths of this project are that it encourages members of the community to mix with different groups within the community and to form a bond between them. Encouraging and empowering people to try different activ ities in a comfortable and safe environment. The only draw back is that Community Development takes time, patience and enthusiasm. Disadvantaged communities have to be persuaded to participate and their natural suspicious leads them to hang back until there is something to show. Norman Glass Society Guardian, 2005:1 The childrens centre network is still being expanded, and there will be up to 2,500 childrens centre throughout the country. Centers will be established to provide the most disadvantaged areas with links to local childcare networks and Job centre Plus. The ten-year strategy for childcare recommends that more local area based and to ensure that services are more accessible. The Strengths of Local based and community development programs are: The strengths of these projects are:- Brings diversity to local areas Raises education within the community Builds social capital Promotes a more healthy lifestyle Facilitates more parents to be able to return to work Develops individual social skills Encourages participation of community members Promotes cohesiveness Uses a bottom up approach as opposed to top down Creates Job opportunities Attracts other resources Has local government involvement The Limitations of Local based and community development programs are: It doesnt always reach those that vulnerable and excluded Resources limited opportunities Can cause discrimination over resources Funding limitations Can be difficult to evaluate/target and identify objectives Time consuming Can have funding limitations The project was aimed at parents to enable them to raise their children themselves, this in itself can prove difficult as many different cultures, races and societies have different views on what is considered successful parenting. Some of the more successful local projects seen at Rosehill/Littlemore Childrens Centre have been the parenting courses and Baby G, a group set up specifically to target under 25s with young children and childcare courses. This has brought a diverse group from the community together and is still successfully recruiting members that might not have attended the centre for various reasons. Again outreach work has enabled this to happen. In conclusion, local based area projects are as successful so long as participation is encouraged and that the projects are based on the communities needs. Community workers must continue to empower local residents to take part and in part, own the projects themselves in order for it to be sustainable. The most important part of any project is to reach the more vulnerable members of the local population; this can be achieved by successful outreach work. The success of any local area based projects depends entirely on the community workers personal skills and support from local authorities, along with a good community based knowledge. To be able to continue with all the work at Childrens Centres) I believe the projects need more funding to grow and sustain the important work carried out by these centres. Only with more government funding will they survive and be successful. Bibliographies and Referencing www.socialexclusion.gov.uk, 3rd November 2008 Haralambos and Holborn, 2004, Sociology, Themes and Perspective, Sixth Edition, HarperCollins Publishers Limited. Brown, G., (1999) Speech by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown MP, at the Sure Start Conference, 7 Jul. 1999, London: HM Treasury (online). http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/633.htm November 3rd 2008 Glass, N., 2005 Surely some mistake? Society Guardian 5th January, pg1 Glass, N., The Guardian, Wednesday January 5 2005, pg 1 http://www.dfes.gov.uk/publications/childrenactreport 20th October 2008, 10.23am http://www.labour.org.uk/early_years 21st October 2008, 10.39am http://www.peep.org.uk/section.asp?id=5 20th October 2008, 10.13am Imrie, R. and Raco, M. (2003), Urban Renaissance. New Labour, community and urban policy. Bristol, The Policy Press

Sarah Jeannette Duncan’s A Mother in India Essay -- essays research pa

Sarah Jeannette Duncan’s A Mother in India Patriarchal Victorian Men Create Monstrous Victorian Women 706 Words   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A Mother in India, as a story depends on the facade of appearance and the reality of emotional abandonment within a male dominated & Victorian society. Duncan’s point is that Victorian men create monstrous Victorian women. Relationships of any emotional worth are rendered impossible between Helena and her daughter Cecily because of a life long separation imposed by the father. It is impossible for Helena to be Cecily’s emotional or spiritual mother because Helena is not emotionally equipped to be anything else other than a servant to her husband. Her life has been pre-arranged by a series of male allowances and dictates. Helena and Cecily’s relationship must be emotionally void to work within the shallow, materialistic pre-arrangement of their lives. Helena has nothing to offer her daughter but the emptiness that she’s acquired over her lifetime.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Helena has spent her life in an emotional vacuum. When Helena is forced to draw on emotional experience for her daughter’s sake she finds immature childish emotions are all she has. Cecily is as a doll to Helena that does not live up to its warranty upon close scrutiny. She recoils from the situation looking with repugnance at her alien possession. Cecily is frequently referred to as an it as opposed to my daughter by Helena. Cecily is also frightened by...

Observational Research

The textbook defines observation research is the systematic process of recording patterns of occurrences or behaviors without questioning or normally communicating with the people involved. Additionally, we define observational research as a blanket term for a variety of techniques that are used to gather important data pertaining to optimizing market share in both the business to consumer and business to business world. Information for observation research must be repetitive, frequent, or in some way predictable in order for observing techniques to be successful. We discuss several categories of observational marketing research including: (1) Naturalistic situations, (2) contrived situations, (3) human observation, (4) Machine observation, and (5) direct and indirect observation. Observational research for marketing purposes has roots in experimental psychology. Famous experiments on conformity from the psychology lab can either directly or indirectly apply to marketing research that is done today. Three examples discussed are as follows: * â€Å"Study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison. (1973) * â€Å"Environmental and Social Correlates of Physical Activity in Neighborhood Parks: An observational Study in Tampa and Chicago†. (2008) * â€Å"An Observational Method for Tim Use Research: Lessons Learned from the Middletown Media Studies†. (2009) The biggest advantage of observation research is that researchers can see how people actually behave rather than having to rely on what they say they did, which eliminates many biasing factors. Also, some forms of data are more quickly and accurately gathered by observation. The primary disadvantage of this type of research can only examine the behavior and physical characteristics of research participants. The researcher learns nothing about motives, attitudes, intentions, or feelings. People watching or objects can take the form of ethnographic research, mystery shopping, one-way mirror observations, shopper pattern and behavior studies. For our hands-on project, we conduct a disguised observation where we monitored shoppers in two Wal-Mart stores without them knowing they were being watched. The study was designed to analyze consumer buying behavior based on gender, age, number of people shopping together, and brand name vs. store brand. Two products, soup and laundry detergent, were chosen to observe consumers in order to perform our observational research study.

Hewlett Packard The Company Commerce Essay

In 1938, two Stanford alumnuss in electrical technology, William Hewlett and David Packard, started their ain concern in a garage behind Packard ‘s Palo Alto place. One twelvemonth subsequently, Hewlett and Packard formalized their concern into a partnership called Hewlett-Packard. HP was incorporated in 1947 and began offering stock for public trading 10 old ages subsequently. Annual net gross for the company grew from $ 5.5 million in 1951 to $ 3 billion in 1980. By 1997, one-year net gross exceeded $ 42 billion and HP had become the universe ‘s 2nd largest computing machine provider. The company, which originally produced audio oscillators, introduced its first computing machine in 1966. In 1972, the company pioneered the epoch of personal computer science by presenting the first scientific, handheld reckoner. Hewlett-Packard introduced its first personal computing machine in 1980. Five old ages subsequently, HP introduced the LaserJet pressman, which would go the company ‘s most successful merchandise of all time.The HP WayIn 1956, Bill Hewlett, Dave Packard, and a smattering of other HP executives gathered at the Mission Inn in Sonoma, California, to make a set of values and rules to steer their company. The six aims that this little group later created non merely helped determine â€Å" a new sort of company, but finally became the foundation for what came to be known as â€Å" the HP manner. †The six aims, which subsequently became seven, are:1. Acknowledge that net income is the best step of a company ‘s part to society and the ultimate b eginning of corporate strength ; 2. Continually better the value of the merchandises and services offered to clients ; 3. Seek new chances for growing but concentrate attempts on Fieldss in which the company can do a part ; 4. Supply employment chances that include the opportunity to portion in the company ‘s success ; 5. Keep an organisational environment that Fosters single motive, inaugural and creativeness ; 6. Show good citizenship by doing parts to the community ; 7. Stress growing as a demand for endurance. Hewlett-Packard is the universe ‘s largest engineering company. Largely known as a shaper of pressmans, the company is the universe ‘s top shaper of Personal computers and has been tied with Dell for the lead in the United States. HP focuses its Social Innovations in three countries: HP in Education HP in Health HP in the Community HP believes instruction is the anchor to societal advancement and prosperity. We are working to give pedagogues, pupils and immature enterprisers the cognition and accomplishments to turn to pressing challenges in their communities and around the universe. Health is a cardinal precedence for authoritiess all over the universe. The quality of health care determines the quality of people ‘s lives. Millions of people do non hold entree to the really rudimentss of wellness attention services, and in many states wellness services are merely non presenting quality attention in an effectual and efficient mode. Even in the states where wellness services are strong, the cost construction is unsustainable for the patients, suppliers and remunerators. Each twelvemonth, 1000s of HP employees donate money, clip and expertness to assist others.Products & A ; ServicessHp is a taking company, offering merchandises, engineerings, package, solutions and services to consumers, little and average sized concerns and big organisations Hewlett-Packard Company ( HP ) is a taking company offering a broad scope of merchandises, engineerings, package, solutions and services to single consumers, small- and moderate-sized concerns ( SMBs ) and big endeavors, including clients in the authorities, wellness and instruction sectors. Its operations are organized into seven sections: Servicess, Enterprise Storage and Servers ( ESS ) , HP Software, the Personal Systems Group ( PSG ) , the Imaging and Printing Group ( IPG ) , HP Financial Services ( HPFS ) , and Corporate Investments. Services, ESS and HP Software are reported jointly as a broader HP Enterprise Business. Hewlett-Packard ‘s concern is huge in range and size. The company manufactures more than 24,000 electronic merchandises and systems for measuring, calculating, and computation. The world-wide operation with research installations ; fabrication workss ; and gross revenues, service, and support offices spread across the U.S. and more than 120 states.Mission Statement of Hewlett Packardâ€Å" We are committed to developing a broad scope of advanced merchandises and multimedia services that challenge the manner consumer ‘s entree and enjoy digital amusement. By guaranting synergism between concerns within the organisation, we are besides invariably endeavoring to make exciting new universes of amusement that can be experienced on a assortment of different merchandises. †Vision statement of Hewlett Packardâ€Å" We recognize and seize chances for growing that builds upon our strengths and competences. †Improved Mission statementTo supply merchandise, services and solution of highest quality and present more value to our clients that earn their regard and trueness.Improved Vision statementTo see alteration in market as an chance to turn, to utilize our net income and to ability to develop and bring forth advanced merchandises, services and solutions that satisfy clients need.Why?They are brief and to the point. It is foregrounding all the chief points.Comparison of Mission statement to a taking rival statementIBMA IBM, we strive to take in the innovation, development and industry of the industry most advanced information engineerings, including computing machine systems, package, storage systems and microelectronics. We translate these advanced engineerings into value for our clients through our professional solutions, services and confer withing concerns worldwide. DELLA Dell mission is to be the most successful computing machine company in the universe at presenting the best client experience in markets we serve.Mission Statement Evaluation MatrixOrganizationCustomersMerchandises or ServicessMarketsConcern for Survival, Growth, ProfitabilityTechnologyDoctrineSelf-ConceptConcern for Public ImageConcern for EmployeesHewlett PackardYesYesNoYesYesYesYesYesYesIbmYesYesYesNoYesNoNoYesNoDellYesYesYesNoYesNoYesYesNoINTERNAL ASSESSMENTFinancial Ratio AnalysisRatio 2006 2005Gross net income border24.53 % 23.61 %Operating net income border7.15 % 4.00 %Net net income border6.76 % 2.7 %Current ratio1.35 1.38Quick ratio1.13 1.16Inventory turnover ratio8.93 9.63Gross saless to receivables ratio8.43 8.75Tax return on assets13.0 % 6.9 %Debt to worth ratio6.52 % 9.12 %Working capital$ 12,414 $ 11,874Gross net income border ratioThe gross net income has increased from 23.61 % to 24.53 % . This means that profitableness at the basic degree has increased from old twelvemonth. This is a mark of good ratio.Operating net income borderProfitableness before involvement and revenue enhancement has increased from 4.00 % to 7.15 % . This means that efficiency of the concern before taking any funding has increased from the old twelvemonth. This besides is a mark of good ratio.Net net income borderThis besides has increased from 2.7 % to 6.76 % . This means that overall profitableness has besides increased. This is a mark of good ratio.Current ratioCurrent ratio has decreased from 1.38 to 1.35. This means that working capital to run into short term duties has decreased, which shows a hapless usage of working capital. This is a mark of bad ratio.Quick ratioThis ratio has besides decreased from 1.16 to 1.13. So this shows that the ability to pay immediate fiscal duties has besides decr eased. This speedy ratio is acceptable but has decreased.Inventory turnover ratioThe ratio has decreased from 9.63 to 8.93, which means that more capital is tied up in stock list which is non a good mark.Gross saless to receivables ratioIt besides has decreased from 8.75 to 8.43. This means that the efficiency in roll uping histories receivables has deceased.Tax return on assetsThis ratio has increased from 6.9 % to 13.0 % .This is the mark of good ratio.Debt to worth ratioThis ratio has decreased to 6.52 % from 9.12 % . This means that debt funding has decreased and therefore the hazard besides has decreased.Working capital.Working capital has increased from $ 11,874 to $ 12,414. This shows that the ability of a company to digest hard fiscal periods has increased.Market Positioning MapApple Sony HP High Quality Dell Gateway ToshibaHigh monetary value Competitive monetary valueLow QualityStrengthsLeading supplier of personal computing machines and imaging and printing Hewlett-Packard ‘s primary strength is its businessA place. The endeavor has a big sum of hard currency in manus. Multi-vendor client services, including substructure engineering and concern procedure A outsourcing, engineering support and care, application development and support services A and consulting and integrating services The company competes both at local and international degree. It has increased its fight through policies and schemes that supports free-market economic systems. Organized into 7 concern subdivisions with strong place in each Hewlett-Packard is a planetary endeavor and particularly after itsA mergerA with Compaq, the company became universe ‘s biggestA computing machine hardwareA and peripherals consort in the universe and has ranked 20th in the Fortune 500 list. Strong fiscal status Global presence Ability to supply end-t0-end IT solution H/W, application development and support Highly talented work force Good Operational EfficiencyFailingsFiscal status leans really to a great extent on the province of our economic system non merely in the US but worldwide Lack of in-house direction consulting division R & A ; D section has significantly less investings compared to historical disbursement Pay cuts has brought low morale to employees Dependence on third-party providers, and our gross and gross border could endure if HP fails to pull off providers decently. Fighting to Add Value and Remain Profitable in Low-Cost High-Volume Personal computer Business. HP did non yet hit a CMDBA productA that includes find and function. This cause many clients to exchange the trade name. The past acquisition of Peregrine made the HP'sA portfolioA even more diverse and complete but HP Open View ‘s deficiency of mainframe direction capablenesss created several jobs. Slow velocity to market or reactivityINTERNAL FACTOR EVALUATIONNO, sINTERNALStrengthWeightsEvaluationWEIGHTED SCORE1Production Adaptability .10 4 .402Financial Ratio .10 4 .403Merchandise Dependability .15 4 .604Customer Relationship .10 4 .405Construct To Order .05 3 .156Monetary value .10 3 .30 Supply Chain .10 3 .307Leading engineering .10 4 .40INTERNALFailingWeightEvaluationWEIGHTEDMark8 Small Merchandise Diversification .05 3 .15 9 Intellectual capital is underestimated .10 3 .30 10 No Business Diversification .10 2 .20Entire1.00 3.6EXTERNAL ASSESSMENTMajor Rivals of HEWLETT PACKARD CORPORATION:HP faces a really strong competition with a figure of companies fabricating quality and technologically advanced merchandises. As HP has specialized in a figure of merchandises runing from pressmans to laptops and Personal computers, it faces competition with different companies in different classs. In the laptop fabrication industry HP has rivals like: Apple Inc. Acer Lenovo Dell Inc. Toshiba In the publishing supply market tough competition was presented by: Kodak Canon Basics Office Depot HP is a corporation that has diversified its merchandises to a really good extent. It is a popular trade name known for pressmans and Laptops. Its rivals are from both the sides. It faces a really tough competition with Apple Inc. Apple has been turning in the last few decennaries as a major name in technologically really advanced merchandises like Mac. HP laptops sale has see a really important addition in the 2007 worldwide. As the demand for Personal computers goes t addition twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours, companies are continuously germinating their engineerings to better the map ability of the devices. Harmonizing to the statistics HP has 16 per centum of the laptop market in their custodies which is 2nd to Dell which controls 19 per centum of the market. Dell and HP are considered as the top rivals in the laptops industry. The market that the Apple Inc holds is non affected by the alterations happening in the Microsoft Windows.COMPETITIVE PROFILE MATRIXHewlett Package DELL Apple Inc.CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTOR Weight Rating Mark Rating Mark Rating Mark Technological promotion 0.2 3 0.6 3 0.6 4 0.8 Product Quality 0.1 3 0.3 2 0.2 4 0.4 Price Competitiveness 0.1 3 0.3 4 0.4 3 0.3 Customer Loyalty 0.05 3 0.15 2 0.1 4 0.2 Global enlargement 0.1 4 0.4 4 0.4 3 0.3 Globally to the full functional 0.1 4 0.4 4 0.4 3 0.3 Invention 0.15 3 0.45 2 0.3 4 0.6 Ad 0.05 3 0.15 2 0.1 4 0.6 Market Share 0.05 3 0.15 4 0.2 3 0.15 After sale services 0.05 3 0.15 3 0.15 2 0.1 Management 0.02 3 0.06 3 0.06 4 0.08 Global Handiness 0.08 4 0.36 3 0.24 2 0.16 Sum 1.00 3.47 3.15 3.99OpportunityGlobally acceptable package used in the laptops which makes them easy to utilize and fix. The company is spread through the universe and has a really effectual direction that invariably keeps a cheque on their merchandises working. The monetary values are really low-cost. The HP is continuously supports on updating their engineering which keeps the involvement of the clients integral. They have a line of laptops specifically for the different categories of people based on their affordability. Their line of Laptops COMPAQ has a really strong clasp of the in-between category people which includes pupils besides. HP is preferred by concern people because of its easy use. Bing globally available people find it easier to acquire their laptops or pressmans repaired. The cartridges are easy available for the pressmans. The direction at the company has taken a great measure and advertised in different states really interestingly. HP has marketed itself a user friendly and a trade name that is meant for the ordinary people doing them experience extraordinary. Bing technologically friendly their operations can even be carried out globally which cuts down their outgos. In the printing industry HP has been able to present really advanced pressmans and has erased a market for the optical maser jets. HP because of the printing industry has a name and repute in the large concerns. The warrants that the HP gives for their merchandises attract the clients. Invention is the key to the success of HP. They are continuously presenting new merchandises and variegations in their merchandises. HP is developing corporate â€Å" immune systems † aimed at assisting concerns prevent and support against turning security menaces. Changeless research being carried out in HP Labs The new HP Labs Innovation Research Program invites the world-wide academic community to subject proposals related to current research in the countries of information detonation, dynamic cloud services, content transmutation, intelligent substructure and sustainability.MenaceBiggest menace to the HP is Apple Inc ‘s MAC. The popularity of the Mac can earnestly harm the market for the HP laptops. The HP is non paying attending to the designing of their Laptops or customization like DELL and VIVO does. The advanced behaviour of Apple Inc can be a serious factor in the falling of gross revenues of HP. HP has marketed itself as a trade name for the ordinary people which is really good appreciated but their ads need to hold famous persons to back their merchandises. H P ‘s biggest menaces on a system degree – looking at companies with a wide comprehensiveness of storage, waiters, and professional services – would be IBM. I would besides indicate to EMC as their strongest overall menace in the storage market, particularly since the beginning of 2003. HP association with the descrying dirt. Many little companies are lifting developing cartridges for the pressmans of HP. This can harm the market that the HP holds of the cartridges. Raising both the controversialA 1998 DMCAA and computing machine offense Torahs, HP has threatened to action a squad of research workers who publicized exposure in the company'sA Tru64 Unix runing system. ACER is going the new menace to the laptop market that the horsepower holds because of low-cost monetary values. The new Acer merchandise has an unheard of battery life of up to eight hours. The Personal computer is light and thin. It will retail for less than $ 1000. The ACER laptops are of lower monetary value and more low-cost. The ACER and DELL offer better quality and characteristics in the same monetary value where HP offers a laptop with ordinary characteristics. HP differentiated the market by offering COMPAQ computing machines which are of lower monetary value and meant for the in-between category. Thus sort of categorization can turn away the clients. IPads and Samsung manus tablets are a serious menace to the horsepower laptops. Dell is squashing HP on monetary value in the low-end waiter market, while IBM is holding more success winning moneymaking trades for strategic services. Analysts expect a package acquisition to hike net incomes. The Compaq amalgamation helped HP vault to No. 1 in storage and No. 2 in waiters while going stronger in tech services. In the 4th one-fourth the corporate unit ‘s gross revenues rose a surprising 10 % . Still, HP is fighting with profitableness at the same clip IBM and others are harvesting strong net incomes. Even with HP ‘s top-line additions, the borders and net incomes declined. HP ‘s incompatibility has taken a toll on its stock monetary value. The company ‘s portions trade merely shy of the degree that analysts say the pressman concern is worth all on its ain. Fiorina has improved HP ‘s record of run intoing Wall Street ‘s outlooks. But she still has missed analyst prognosiss in seven of the past 20 quarters, draging the path records of major challengers. A Hewlett-Packard had been losing its effectivity due to the altering profile of the company. HP Labs, as an organisation, has non been as successful with engineering transportation as it should be within the context of a corporate research lab. HP ‘s board decided to replace Fiorina, following a rollercoaster drive as CEO that included the controversial acquisition of Compaq Computer Corp. , a monolithic reorganisation of the company ‘s concern units — and a important rise in grosss since Fiorina ‘s reaching.

what are common health problems that we have today and what we should do to maintain a healthy life Essays

what are common health problems that we have today and what we should do to maintain a healthy life Essays what are common health problems that we have today and what we should do to maintain a healthy life Essay what are common health problems that we have today and what we should do to maintain a healthy life Essay The technology era brings various benefits for society members. However, it is the modern life that puts a large amount of pressures on them. They are expected to chase the time with buisiness tasks to make ends meet without relaxing. Therefore, there are numerous health problems with which the stress sufferers are obliged to face. To my mind, stress, smoking are two most common health issues that we need to keep an eye on in a careful manner. Stress is the most common health problem in the workplace. Workers and officers frequently bear a large quantity of work overloading their minds. Put it another way, they are forced to battle with a million of deadlines in order to reach the fulfilment of plans. Although stress is not considered as an irremediable disease, it is advised to notice. It is such a huge matter for those who work for a long time because they will easily show their out-of-control reactions, more serious, stress may lead to depression, heart attack and others nerve problems. Smoking is also believed to be one of the main reasons causing premature death in the world. Nowadays, more and more community members, primarily the youth, smoke cigarettes or tobacco which is now called tobacco dependence disease. They abuse them as a tool to focus more on work and reduce stress. However, smoking is harmful to health. It causes lung cancer, tuberailosis for both the smokers and the ones who breath the same air with them. Health issues make each individual find methods which maintain a healthy life. No matter what approaches we take, it basically relies on the balance between working time and entertainment time. For example, the majority of population is encouraged to get used to doing good habit such as doing exercise, eating more vegetables and stay away from the bad ones like smoking, drinking. In a nutshell, the more the world develops, the more health problems we have. However, the most important thing is how we protect our health and which ways is suitable for individual to up hold a healthy life style.

Is the literary expression of trauma gendered

Is the literary expression of trauma gendered Introduction In order to understand whether the literary expression of trauma is gendered, Barbara Baynton’s novel, Human Toll can be employed in this analysis.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is the literary expression of trauma gendered? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This novel focuses on the contemporary Bildungsroman female subversion using genres that express traumatic experience. The main focus on the paper is on feminine’s embodiment of traumatic inheritance, which can be demonstrated through theme analysis on the female subject, and her colonized body. The work presents a typical example of a woman’s resistance making use of creative emergence, especially the application of Baynton’s skilled literary work that carefully employed melodrama and romance. For instance, melodrama has been used in the female’s narratives, especially in highlighting domestic violence that is the main source of traumatic abuse, demonstrating lack of chances for accessing traumatic management agency and cultural constraints that are put on women. The literary Expression of Trauma Overview Baynton’s literary work covered feminine issues such denying women the financial autonomy. Other traumatizing issues covered in the novel include limited women’s social power and their inability and lack of freedom to make independent decisions concerning the female’s childbearing or sexuality. This scholarly work failed to gain commercial success since the traumatizing expressions about the women’s issues did not go well with male writers. This literary work gives detailed account of a woman’s traumatic experience that facilitated the writer to explore the thematic issue of female prejudice, and this can be witnessed from her heroine, Ursula, who came as a result of female traumatic model, which presented her detailed accounts about male gender prejudice. Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The repeated trauma experiences triggered Ursula to engage in creative writing as a means to express her traumatized gender experience. In Ursula’s writing, she made a detailed account about her experience with the patriarchal culture. Analysis of Trauma and Literary expression Trauma threatens existence making it difficult to remember casual events that are characterized by insufficient encoding, and this might result into foreclosed memories. In such circumstances, the only way to discovering originary trauma is to carefully search for the recurring symbols in literary expressions. For example, in the novel, Human Toll, Ursula cannot vividly remember the death of her mother, and this failing memory can be attributed to female’s powerlessness. In her writings, Baynton ascertained that the ratio of male to femaleâ₠¬â„¢s capability to resist trauma was 7:1 in Australia. Besides, there are expressions of sisterless, squatter’s daughter and motherless, which have been widely used in the bush stories. To her surprise, Ursula did not have a female relative in her genealogy and she ironically attained her education through the help of a male, a situation that advanced the traumatic repetition. Indeed, Ursula repressed the impact of disturbance when she struggled to attain survival means. The death of Ursula’s mother and her father’s expiry denied her the conscious knowledge about her father’s death, and she could not grieve. Ursula’s traumatized experience repressed what she was not capable of knowing, but she finally sank in sorrow and loneliness as the traumatic memory of her mother’s death surfaced.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is the literary expression of trauma gendered? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Drawing facts from the novel, Human Toll, the Western society presents men as the beneficiaries of the gender bias since the male folks engage the females in endless conflicts, and the women are the ones to suffer trauma experience. Moreover, literary expressions employed in the novel, Human Toll, give significant account of trauma experiences as results of gender differences between the male and female. The gendered trauma can be attributed to the masculinist cultured society. Human Toll literary expression on trauma explores the possibility of achieving women empowerment and autonomous sexuality for the female gender. Moreover, women’s writings have explored more trauma issues than men’s writings, especially female prejudice so as to achieve women’s chastity. In fact, feminine writings are full of traumatic experiences in the perceived masculine world. The gendered differences are attributed to women’s language, style of writing a nd expression. Importantly, education has provided a revolutionary approach to the women writers who have found it to be the best method to thwart the oppressor’s traumatic experiences. Therefore, the women writers have found it possible to voice their concerns through writing without gagged forces from the male dominated writing world. This makes it possible for them to resist or escape from potential trauma. Conclusion In the analysis to determine whether literary expression of trauma is gendered, the paper has borrowed its argument from Baynton’s novel, Human Toll which explored the female traumatic experience in the Australian society.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The analysis began from traumatic experience to liberated world, where women are educated and capable of voicing their perceived threatening concerns on gender prejudice, some of which are not explored in male writings. The female barriers to achieve power, status and recognition in the society owe a lot to the prevailing cultural practices. In fact, the women’s traumatic experiences come as a result of their encounter with the perceived maculinist world. From this textual analysis, it can be ascertained that literary expression of trauma is gendered since it is different for male and female writers, and expressions of grief and sorrow such motherless and sisterless have been used to show the female trauma experiences.

List of 50 Compliments and Nice Things to Say!

List of 50 Compliments and Nice Things to Say! List of 50 Compliments and Nice Things to Say! List of 50 Compliments and Nice Things to Say! By Michael Too often I forget to do it. But when Im pleased or impressed by someone, I need to make a point to write them a note. Some people are embarrassed by strong face-to-face compliments. After all, if a compliment isnt heartfelt, it may seem mocking instead. But if you think they will be uncomfortable, you can always send your compliments about them to a third party. And if you preface your compliment with I think youre or Ive always liked how, it may be easier to accept. After all, they may say, you have a right to your opinion. But secretly, everyone likes specific praise. Here are 50 compliments, so that when you say something good about someone else, you can say it more precisely. accomplished for someone who has not only accomplished many things, but has accomplished them skillfully and with flair. admirable worthy of admiration, someone who should be looked up to. adorable for someone, often a child, who is cute and inspires affection and fondness, who seems worthy of love. Originally, worthy of worship, but rarely used in that sense. affable for someone is friendly and a good conversationalist; easy to talk to, courteous and gracious. agreeable for someone whose personality is suitable and pleasing to you. If they disagree with your ideas, they will do it tactfully and pleasantly. alluring so attractive they are like a lure, tempting and enticing. Not a compliment to be given after a business lunch. amiable pleasant and likable, kind and kind-hearted, sweet and gracious; literally friendable, since it comes from the French and Latin words for friend, which comes from the word for love. amusing for someone who makes you laugh, though the word can easily sound condescending or patronizing. beautiful for someone who is physically attractive (usually a woman is beautiful, a man is handsome), but can also describe aspects of a person: a beautiful spirit, a beautiful mind. bright clever and intelligent, a quick learner. The word has a positive connotation: someone with a bright mind makes for pleasant company, which cant be said for a smarty-pants or a know-it-all. charming for someone with an attractive personality, as if they possess a magical charm that makes them likable. cheerful optimistic and happy, whose pleasant attitude is either contagious or annoying (some people dont want to be cheered up). commendable worthy of commendation, praise, admiration and recognition. congenial for someone with whom others enjoy spending time, who is sociable, affable, and fits in well. convivial merry and cheerful, as at a community feast, which is the meaning of the Latin combination of together and live. cordial warm, sincere, and affectionate. The Latin root means of the heart. diplomatic tactful and courteous, who knows how to make peace and soothe offenses, like a good diplomat or ambassador. distinguished celebrated for their accomplishments, who stands out above the crowd. elegant graceful and refined, precise and restrained in style. eminent for someone who stands out as remarkable and noteworthy in their field. Not to be confused with imminent. enchanting for someone with an attractive personality, who delights others with their charm. engaging interesting and appealing, who makes others want to be involved with him or her. enthusiastic eager, even excited; fervent and zealous. Originally a religious term among the ancient Greeks. estimable worthy of admiration and respect. You would get an idea of its meaning if you misspelled and mispronounced it as esteemable. fun entertaining, amusing, and enjoyable. A compliment for those who help others laugh, not a compliment for those who are laughed at. genial cheerful and friendly, from the Latin for festive. The word congenial adds the Latin prefix for with. gracious for someone who doesnt embarrass, who is always tactful, kind, and warmly courteous. graceful for someone who isnt embarrassed, who is elegant and natural. handsome good-looking: usually an attractive man, but sometimes a striking and impressive woman. honorable worthy of honor and respect, or who is honest and principled. inspiring encouraging and energizing. Not as sentimental as the word inspirational so its more useful as a compliment. jolly merry and cheerful. Famously used to describe Santa Claus. jovial good-humored and outgoing, traditionally influenced by the planet Jupiter. kindly gentle and affectionate, considerate and warm-hearted. Typical of grandparents. laudable commendable and praiseworthy, someone who should be extolled and applauded. likable easy to like, personable, endearing. masterful skillful and proficient, a master of their craft, or sometimes a master of other people. pleasant agreeable, pleasing, personable. One of the most general and innocuous words in this list. praiseworthy commendable, admirable, meritorious. refined cultured, elegant, polished, not vulgar, sometimes prissy. refreshing invigorating, stimulating, vitalizing, pleasantly different. remarkable notable, amazing, extraordinary. Worth writing down. reputable respectable, well-regarded, with a good reputation. A reputable merchant will not cheat you, and others can confirm that fact. skillful proficient, adept, talented, able, practiced. smart clever, intelligent, shrewd, cultivated. An elegant person may be a smart dresser. solid reliable, substantial, dependable. Solid people can be counted on, like a solid floor. sweet kind, pleasant, thoughtful, not sour or bitter. A word much more common used by women. sympathetic compassionate, friendly, especially when youre troubled. From the Greek for suffering together. thoughtful considerate, caring, attentive, solicitous. Because a thoughtful person thinks about you, they help you. worthy deserving, having worth, principled, deserving, reputable. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Possessive of Proper Names Ending in S"Owing to" vs "Due to"The Difference Between "Shade" and "Shadow"

Critical Review - HIA for future development Essay

Critical Review - HIA for future development - Essay Example lia may be sufficient in catering to the peoples’ water needs, however, the utility of treated wastewater in these catchments seems to be more feasible in meeting the rising demands for safe water, while at the same time, safeguard the general health of the public. Rationale for the Proposed Project. Adelaide is just one of the regions in Australia that is paying the high price of economic progress. As emphasized in a research, this city is generating its water supply from distant sources while its wastewater disposal is overly increasing in volume (Richard and Budgen 2008, 6). The situation experienced shows that a necessity for a sustainable water source is crucial. With the help of the proposal in recharging dams with treated wastewater, water supply can be replenished. Aside from this, the necessity of decreasing wastewater pollution also needs to be addressed. This project, then, hits two birds in one stone. It not only meets the increasing challenge of depleting water supply, the method of divesting the city from volumes of wastewater can also be settled lawfully. Process and Materials Utilized. Generally, wastewater is â€Å"discarded water ... from sanitary or foul sewage† (Aswthanarayana 2001, 159). With this, one needs to be reminded that this type of water source is already contaminated with several microorganisms and chemical substances. The probability of recycle can only increase by subjecting volumes of wastewater in several treatment stages. Numerous phases are employed for safer wastewater sources: â€Å"pre-treatment, mechanical or primary, biological or secondary, tertiary and quarternary† (Barcelo and Petrovic 2008, 3). Each treatment line is necessary for a potable water distribution in households (please see Figure 1, Appendix A). The pretreatment phase involves the removal of large particles through a programmed machine. This task is continued in the secondary phase, with its combination of physical and chemical procedure prior to the

How the same economies of scale that work domestically also work Research Paper

How the same economies of scale that work domestically also work internationally - Research Paper Example Selling products cheaper enables the products to have ready market and are bought in large quantities than those that are expensive (Sowell, 2010). The term capitalism in the economic sense of view means that it is an economic system that has been accepted by economists as one which is the quick method to gaining wealth. It is based on the privately possessing merchandizes, and also the means of production which leads to the creation of products that serve as goods and services. All this is done with the intention of gaining profit. There are certain elements that are associated with capitalism such as the accumulation of capital, market competitiveness and a price system (Sowell, 2010). To the Biblical worldview individuals, capitalism is seen as a means to quick wealth and immoral since it brings about conflicts. Such individuals view capitalism as not looking out for the best interests and the common good of the people. With the passing on of capitalism in the economic market, it brings about inequality, waste, anti-socialism, lack of democracy, dictatorship, war and pollution. Biblical individuals see that as long as capitalism is present, then the above factors will continue to exist in society (Sowell,

Anthropologists in the military Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Anthropologists in the military - Term Paper Example For far too long, the Pentagon and other military institutions have put too much focus on overwhelming firepower. Tanks, planes, and artillery are incredibly important resources which any military must bring to bear in a conflict. This is called hard power. But there are other aspects to the exercise of power that modern militaries must consider. It is extremely important to remember that hard power is most effective when used, hand in glove, with soft power. Soft power doesn't involve violence or coercion. It involves being smart about obtaining and using information. Having anthropologists in the military is a great use of soft power. The goal of having military anthropologists is an important one, the army says. The army talks about the Human Terrain of every conflict. It is vital to have specialists on the ground who can help assist soldiers in understanding the social context all around them. In many cases, this has to do with power: Who is it the soldiers should talk to? How sh ould they treat that person? What are the cultural norms? As one Army paper succinctly puts it: â€Å"The environment in which we operate is complex and demands that we employ every weapon in our arsenal, both kinetic and non-kinetic. To fully utilize all approaches, we must understand the local culture and history. Learn about the tribes, formal and informal leaders, governmental and religious structures, and local security forces. We must understand how the society functions so we can enable Iraqis to build a stable, self-reliant nation† (Human Terrain). Applied anthropology can be useful to many different fields, but it is an unspecific term. When anthropology is applied in contemporary warfare settings it is called military anthropology. Involving anthropologists in these kinds of scenarios can be controversial. Groups such as the American Anthropological Association have said that anthropologists engaged in this kind of work are violating ethical standards in that their subjects may be hurt (AAA). That is one way of looking at it. Another way is to suggest that using anthropologists actually saves lives, as it makes the military work more efficiently and can avoid the deaths of innocence. No one can doubt that being embedded with American military unit in Iraq is not only dangerous but ethically controversial. However, anthropologists are on the ground and able to work in real life setting, in situations with real consequences. For some, that surely must be better than writing a research paper about some long-dead tribe. Patriotic anthropologists have an opportunity to improve the safety and security of not only their own country, but civilians in whichever country that they are engaged in. It might not be for everyone, but it should not be ruled inappropriate for everyone. There will always be critics of these kinds of operations, but the key is to maintain a flexible position. All aspects of civilian expertise should be incorporated into military operations, if they provide an edge. As Anne Mulrine explains in an article on the subject: Some anthropologists, while remaining critical of the program, are beginning to argue that perhaps the Pentagon has a point, to an extent. "I think we need to break out of the 1960s mold that many of us are in," says Shweder. He notes that such a move is "a long way" from supporting the notion of anthropologists on the Pentagon payroll, but he adds that perhaps it is

Conflict management in organizations Research Paper

Conflict management in organizations - Research Paper Example Attorneys attempt to reach an agreement on a lawsuit. An association of gasoline stations may attempt to reach an agreement on the price of gasoline. Negotiation is part of life (Fisher, 2011). A. Statement of Issue There are a variety of conflict management strategies which may be applied. One may try to force an individual or a group. This entails the application of authority or power to unilaterally satisfy the concerns of one of the parties involved. Accommodation is another option, completely satisfying the other party involved without fulfilling the needs of the opposing party. Avoidance tactics which are not acknowledging the conflict or the other parties involved. Compromising which entails finding a solution which is pleasing to both parties. Collaborating which is agreeing with the other party and trying to find a way for both parties to win (Wright.edu). Conflicts are usually the result of the following elements: Deficiency in communication. The direction or the quantity o f resources is not considered satisfactory. Personality clashes. Administrative problems (managementhelp.org). Conflicts may result in negative perceptions of the other party (mindtools.com). Frictions between groups or teams is natural and part of industrial relationships (Murray, 1974). In applying the Five factor Matrix of personality and the demand control matrix of the work environment as a reference point, those with more demanding employment positions were more prone to conflicts with those with less demanding employment positions (Sutin & Costa, 2010). Conflicts may occur in modern day work environments due to chronic fatigue syndrome. There is a relationship with regards... This research will begin with the statement that conflicts may be described as a disagreement or test of will between two individuals or groups with differing desires, concepts, perceptions, values, and objectives. The conflict may increase and lead to a non desired outcome or it may be peacefully resolved and lead to the desired outcome. Learning to administrate conflicts is of tantamount significance to a team or group which produces a high output. No one really looks for conflict; conflict may be an outcome of lack of communication or faulty communication between individuals or groups. With regards to desires, concepts, perceptions, values, and objectives. Conflict management is the concept which all conflicts may not come to a resolution without mediation. Administration of the conflict and the desires, concepts, and perceptions of those involved may maximize the risk of an undesired outcome. Whether we like it or not, negotiation is an everyday occurrence. One may plead with man agers for improved conditions in the workplace. One may attempt to bargain with an individual or group, for anything from a newspaper to a newspaper advertisement selling a vehicle or a home. Attorneys attempt to reach an agreement on a lawsuit. An association of gasoline stations may attempt to reach an agreement on the price of gasoline. Negotiation is part of life.  Conflicts are natural and inevitable. When teams are composed, the variations in individual power, values, perceptions, desires, and attitudes will increase the possibility of conflict.  

International Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Business Ethics - Essay Example Most multinational companies will tend to adopt universalism when faced with issues perceived as threats. There is also a tendency by some multinational countries to view whites as superior to other races and give special treatment to white employees (Carroll, 2004, p. 116; Deresky, 2008, p 31). Aspiration for achievement of moral universalism is quite impossible and in most cases unadvisable. This is because there is great inconsistency in behaviours and culture in different firms and thus difficult to reconcile moral or even business ethics. However, the approach is viable when dealing with moral or economic issues that have internationally set standards such as natural laws and Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Moral universalism is applicable when dealing with issues pertaining to human rights (Carroll, 2004, p. 114-119; Deresky, 2008, p 55-59). Ethnocentric Approach Ethnocentric approach hypothesizes that Multinational companies apply moral from their home country and disre gard the business ethics in the host country (Carroll, 2004, p. 116; Deresky, 2008, p. 33). ... Some multinational companies also disregard human rights set by host countries. A good example is the propensity of some Multinational companies from Asian countries to disregard the right to equality irrespective of gender (Carroll, 2004, p. 116; Deresky, 2008, p. 69-71). MNCs from some Asian countries do not offer equal employment opportunities for men and women. Ethnocentric approach is also evident in Some Multinational companies that use money or other gifts as a form of enticement even in countries that consider enticement as a form of corruption (Carroll, 2004, p. 115-116; Deresky, 2008, p. 40-44). Ethnocentric approach is possible and advisable in some situations such as using free samples to enlighten people on a new product or even entice them to purchase. However, such enticement or behaviour should be done cautiously if host countries consider it as illegal (Carroll, 2004, p. 117). Ethical Relativism Moral Relativism is a concept, which assumes that there are different st andards of defining right from wrong and no criterion can be considered universally acceptable. Relativism approach advocates that multinational companies adopt the moral codes of the host country. Moral standards differ depending on individuals as well as culture. Moral Relativism posits that the moral standards are not static and keep changing with time. In addition, the theory supposes that authorities such as religion, culture, and governments also define the morality (Carroll, 2004, p. 116; Deresky, 2008, p. 59-61). Examples of Attempts by Multinational Organisations to Use Ethical Relativism Most multinational companies tend to apply ethical relativism since it encourages acceptability from the host country. A good example is adherence to laws of the

Marketing practices in Kuwait vs. the USA Assignment

Marketing practices in Kuwait vs. the USA - Assignment Example consumers have developed favorable attitudes towards the United States and the Kuwaiti firms have many marketing ideologies that are prevalent in the United States. The United States takes marketing segmentation as a critical marketing element to determine the consumers who are likely to seek for their products and services. Segmentations exist in various aspects such as geographically, demographically, by culture, or in relation to the benefits, which are demanded by customers. Kuwait also has segmented its market to reach the most desirable consumers. These segmentation strategies ensure that future promotions and integrated communication are available between the two countries. Kuwait simplifies the process of determining how to effectively promote a product while taking into consideration the consumers values, attitude and lifestyle. Psychographics seem to be of high relevance in the United States market as evident in the fast food chain. Positioning of a product is an important aspect for Kuwait and USA marketing strategies in order to gain competitive advantages and ensure higher revenue growth in sales of products and services. Both Kuwait and USA have taken advantage of the digital marketing activities in order to effectively promote their products and services particularly brand promotion. The advantage of doing this is that fact that it reduces dependency on external agents and allow the firms to market directly to the consumers of their goods and services at much less market based expenditures. The USA and Kuwait have formed platforms for common marketing practices in order to seek ways of justifying the quality of products as a means of expressing the benefits of the products to the consumers and the ethical stance associated with the brand and the businesses. The marketers from both the nations realize the importance of adding certification to their products and services as an illustration of compliance to the social expectations and inspections

International Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Business Ethics - Essay Example Most multinational companies will tend to adopt universalism when faced with issues perceived as threats. There is also a tendency by some multinational countries to view whites as superior to other races and give special treatment to white employees (Carroll, 2004, p. 116; Deresky, 2008, p 31). Aspiration for achievement of moral universalism is quite impossible and in most cases unadvisable. This is because there is great inconsistency in behaviours and culture in different firms and thus difficult to reconcile moral or even business ethics. However, the approach is viable when dealing with moral or economic issues that have internationally set standards such as natural laws and Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Moral universalism is applicable when dealing with issues pertaining to human rights (Carroll, 2004, p. 114-119; Deresky, 2008, p 55-59). Ethnocentric Approach Ethnocentric approach hypothesizes that Multinational companies apply moral from their home country and disre gard the business ethics in the host country (Carroll, 2004, p. 116; Deresky, 2008, p. 33). ... Some multinational companies also disregard human rights set by host countries. A good example is the propensity of some Multinational companies from Asian countries to disregard the right to equality irrespective of gender (Carroll, 2004, p. 116; Deresky, 2008, p. 69-71). MNCs from some Asian countries do not offer equal employment opportunities for men and women. Ethnocentric approach is also evident in Some Multinational companies that use money or other gifts as a form of enticement even in countries that consider enticement as a form of corruption (Carroll, 2004, p. 115-116; Deresky, 2008, p. 40-44). Ethnocentric approach is possible and advisable in some situations such as using free samples to enlighten people on a new product or even entice them to purchase. However, such enticement or behaviour should be done cautiously if host countries consider it as illegal (Carroll, 2004, p. 117). Ethical Relativism Moral Relativism is a concept, which assumes that there are different st andards of defining right from wrong and no criterion can be considered universally acceptable. Relativism approach advocates that multinational companies adopt the moral codes of the host country. Moral standards differ depending on individuals as well as culture. Moral Relativism posits that the moral standards are not static and keep changing with time. In addition, the theory supposes that authorities such as religion, culture, and governments also define the morality (Carroll, 2004, p. 116; Deresky, 2008, p. 59-61). Examples of Attempts by Multinational Organisations to Use Ethical Relativism Most multinational companies tend to apply ethical relativism since it encourages acceptability from the host country. A good example is adherence to laws of the

Three questions for corporate social responsibility Essay

Three questions for corporate social responsibility - Essay Example The ability of large corporations to influence how the economy is moving is perhaps one of the most important reasons why their governance should be taken seriously. The administrations of these corporations should always be put under the microscope and watched closely so that they do not end up doing business which is unethical and which might end up making investors lose confidence in it. Consequently, it has become necessary for corporations to have strong boards to oversee their activities since without them they would lack direction. While this should be the case, most corporations are often lax in their governance since their major aim often tends to be to make profits at any cost (Morrison 2004, p.122). There is the suggestion that companies only take their governance seriously when they feel that they are at risk of not only losing their customers, but also their clients as well. Companies need to find proper validation for their actions and to ensure this; they have to take their governance seriously. It is a fact that those companies or corporations that have strong principles of governance are the ones that are the most successful and this is the reason why this matter should be taken most seriously (Leighton and Garven 1996, p.809). Without strong governance, corporations are likely to cause their own collapse because it is often too late for them to correct those mistakes that they have made, and a major example of this is the current financial crisis caused by financial institutions. Corporate governance is not all about public relations and corporate social responsibility but is separate activities that should be evaluated separately. However, the latter activities are often used by corporations to promote an image of good governance, often ignoring the fact that it any crisis, such as the financial crisis, occurs, then these activities would be of little significance in saving the corporation. Q2 The agency dilemma is a situation where individua ls place their money in the hands of directors of the companies in which they are investing, since these directors are better placed to watch over the money. While this is the case, the agency dilemma states that these managers are not likely to give the money the attention it needs since it is not theirs but belongs to someone else (Letza et al 2008, p.21). This means that they would not care whether the owner of the money gets a profit or a loss as long as they get their commission out of it. Such a situation would therefore put the investor in a dilemma because he would not know whether to trust others with his money or not since the possibility of being protected against sustaining losses would be low indeed. Agency theory is similar to the agency dilemma because it involves shareholders signing a contract with those who run the company that they are investing in to take care of their interests. While this is the case, it means that the shareholders have to let go of any decisio n-making authority towards their investment and trust to the directors or managers to act in good faith on their behalf. Consequently, it is not often easy for the shareholder to gauge whether the manager of a company will act in his best interests or not. In fact, according to the agency theory, while directors are obliged to act in the interests of their clients, this is not often the case and the former will often work for their

How Can Television Influence Behaviours In Children Young People Essay

How Can Television Influence Behaviours In Children Young People Essay ABSTRACT Everyone in this world watches television. Some people do not like to watch it and some people have no time for it but it is a lie if they never watched it before. No matter how much they hate it or no time for it, they must have watched it once before. Television programs give us a lot of information and we can get a lot of benefits from it. However, it has been misused by todays youths because they do not know how to interpret all those information very well. Indirectly, this causes the statement of television programs affect the attitude of todays youth to arise. It seems that television programs may lead to aggressive behavior because kids are very easy to be influenced as they are still young and just about to know the whole world. So, whatever they see on television, they tend to imitate it. As we all know, kids learn while they are growing up. After watching a lot of violence shows, they might be immune to violence and this will automatically encourage them not to hesitate to be violence in reality. Besides that, television programs also cause the development of negative social amongst youths due to the advertisements of alcohol, smoking and sex scenes. Youths will be encouraged by these scenes and advertisements as it is easier to attract peoples attention by using animation rather than pictures. Furthermore, television programs affect self development and self esteem. People who are addicted to television are willing to do anything for it including sacrifice their sleeping time just to watch their favourite shows. This will indirectly c ause self development to be affected. Television programs affect self esteem because they might put on diet as they want to compete with skinny beautiful models and actresses that can be seen on television. Do television programs affect the attitude of todays youths? From the reasons that have been mentioned above, the answer is certainly yes, television programs do affect the attitude of todays youth. 1.0 INTRODUCTION Televiewing causes people to duplicate inappropriately, in other areas of their lives, behavior styles developed while watching television. (Kottak, 1990, p.3) Television programs can be educational as well as entertaining. It can give people the opportunity to travel around the globe, expose them to new ideas that they might not have encountered from their community and also a chance to learn about different cultures. Pro-social messages from shows on television will give a positive impact on the behavior of todays youth. However, these youths are more likely to learn negative values from these television programs. Statistics show that an average of children ranging from ages 2-5 years old spends about 32 hours a week in front of the television while children ranging from 6-11 years old spends about 28 hours a week watching these television programs (McDonough, 2009). Another set of statistics show that 68% of children between ages 8-18 years old have a television set in their bedrooms, 37% of them have cable/satellite television and 20% have premium channels. This is very interesting as studies show that 53% of households of 7th to 12th graders have no rules or boundaries regarding the amount of time they spend watching television or the type of programs they watch thus making these television programs a very influential tool because studies have shown that kids with no televisions in their bedroom spend an average 1.5 hours less per day watching television than kids who do (Roberts, Foehr Rideout 2005). Television has now become a debatable issue as some question its influences on the attitude and psychological development of todays youth. Nowadays, the world of television has been discovered by children at very young age. As we know, television is an effective educational tool. With programs showcasing wildlife, scientific theories etc, it helps these children to be broad-minded and also have a better understanding about the world around them. However, we have to remember and be aware that the television also is seem to posses more negative effects than positive ones. A day in a youths life will generally be filled with activities such as playing with friends, reading, doing homework and being physically active but this can be easily replaced with the presence of television. This is detrimental to their physical and mental development because studies show that the first two to three years of a childs life is where he/she learns through observing, interacting, playing and also exploring new things. Thus if these children are glued and become addicted to these programs on television they will have lesser time to interact with human beings. This is crucial, as it can retard their normal physical and social development and skills. Hence, the burning question here is, do television programs affect the attitude of todays youth? If we look further into the issue, television programs do indeed affect the attitude of todays youth as it enhances negative social development amongst youths, which may lead to aggressive or violent behavior, and they tend to affect self development and self esteem. As we all know, youths are more likely to imitate and adapts ones behavior into their own because they can easily relate to what is shown on television. There surely will be a lot of behavioral changes in youths today if they are exposed to excessive violence shown on television. These kinds of programs will encourage these youths to be aggressive in both their behavior and in their thoughts. Not only that, they will also be more likely to be influenced with what they have seen regularly like smoking and drinking scenes which are shown frequently in these television programs and even commercials. This will encourage the development of such unhealthy habits at an early age (Bora, 2009). This report shows the effect television programs have on the attitude of todays youth. These research findings are confined to the United States of America as the knowledge and collective behaviors of contemporary Americans are everywhere. Like any other problem, there is always a solution, in order to ensure that television is used as a source of knowledge and healthy entertainment, one must be sure to watch it in moderation by setting a time limit when you sit down to watch it. Besides that, the government, the parents and the teachers should encourage todays youth to participate in other positive activities like playing outdoor and indoor games. Not only that, they should also encourage todays youth to watch programs that reinforce family values. 2.0 TELEVISION PROGRAMS MAY LEAD TO AGGRESSIVE OR VIOLENT BEHAVIOR Aggressive attitudes, values and behavior can be increased by watching entertainment violence, particulary in children. The effects are measurable and also long lasting. Some of the television programs will show scenes with stabbing, hitting, shooting, punching, guns and any type of other violence. Almost all the violence shows on television are fake as television programs use fake guns and fake blood to represent violent acts during acting (Kaufman, 2004). Violent scenes on television may not be a great deal for the adults because adults know the difference between reality and fantasy compared to children who know nothing about it or not clear about the difference between reality and fantasy. Most of the time, children who see a lot of violence will settle their conflicts in violence way. According to psychological research, youths can be negatively affected by the violence on television. Watching violence on television will give three major effects which youths will be less sensitive to pain and suffering of others, youths will be more fearful of the world around them and they might behave aggressively toward the others (Abelard, 2008). ACT Against Violence (cited in Kaufman, 2004) states that infants are interested in television only for a short period of time as they are attracted to the light and sound from the television. Toddlers who are 18-36 months are paying more attention to what is on television and are able to get the meaning from the programs they watch. The link between their fantasy and reality is not strong which will cause them to react equally to animated violence and real violence. Preschoolers who are 3-5 years old are looking forward to shows on television. Eventhough they can understand what they are watching, they cannot give it a context. They cannot judge commercials versus regular programs or reality versus fantasy. Vivid scenes, rapid movement, sound and colour are highly attracted by the preschoolers. Hence, this shows that most of them pay the most attention to the most violent scenes on the screen. Children in the range of 6 to 11 years old believe that television reflects real life. The y will show more aggressive behavior after watching the violent scenes. 2.1 THEY TEND TO IMITATE SUCH BEHAVIOR FROM WHAT IS SHOWN ON TELEVISION Everyone knows that viewers may imitate positive and negative behaviors from the television programs. However, the Gerbner group has found that people will be more apt to perceive the real world as being similar to television programs if they spend more time on watching television (Kottak, 1990, p.11). This situation will be faced mainly by the children as they do not have enough knowledge and experiences to differentiate between reality and fantasy. Since they only spend their time on watching television, they might have forgotten that they are actually watching something that is fantasy, not a reality. Hence, the innocent children will follow blindly what they have seen on television because they think that the characters on television programs can do so, why cant they. Violence on television programs may create blur images of good and evil. Kottak (1990) states that the distinction between heroes and villains is fading. This will cause the children to be more confused and lead the m to do anything they want. For example, if they adore a character from one movie, they might just imitate the behavior of that character without knowing that behavior is a good behavior or a bad behavior. Most of the shows on television are using violence as the central to the storyline, where the heroes and villains can get what they want by using violence as it is an effective way. It is true that television programs may lead to aggressive behavior. This can be proven by an incident in Dallas where a boy has been killed by his elder brother, 7 years old with a clothesline maneuver he had seen on a wrestling show (Kaufman,2004). 2.2. THEY BECOME IMMUNE TO VIOLENCE Children will tend to have favorable attitudes toward aggressive behaviors if they watch more violent television programs. This will indirectly cause the child to become immune to the horror of violence (American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 2002). This is because, they can always see violence in the television programs that they are watching. Hence, the child will gradually accept violence as a way to solve problems. Lefebrve has found an example to show that a child has immune to violence until he uses the type of violence that has been seen by him on television to solve his problem. A six years old boy wearing turtle costume stabbed his friend in the arm for not returning his toy. This shows that this child has no humanity because for him, it is only a normal thing to stab someone as he has already immune to violence. AGGRESSIVE AND VIOLENT BEHAVIORS ARE CONTRIBUTED THROUGH OTHER CHANNELS Some people argue that not only television programs can lead to aggressive and violent behaviors but these behaviors can be influenced by people surrounding them like peers and family. However, children spend most of their time by watching television. Almost everyone in the world has their celebrity idol. Children tend to like the characters of their idols on the television programs or movie without thinking whether their idols are doing the good or bad thing in that show. This will cause children to imitate their favourite characters in particular shows because they are too obsessed with the characters. Factors that may lead to aggressive and violent behaviors that have been influenced by their peers or family members are not a strong argument compared to television programs. This is because, children will not always agree or listen to what people say to them because they are quite stubborn and will just follow their hearts to do whatever they want. Eventhough they have been influen ced a lot of times by people surrounding them, they still can choose whether to do it or not as they might not interested in their type of violence. If they chose not to do it, they can just not do it and can stay away from people who are influencing them. Think about television, how are they supposed to stay away from television? There is no way for people in this world to stay away from television unless that person is in a jungle or no television set at home. Although they do not have television sets at home, they can still watch it at their office place or any stalls. No matter what, they can still watch programs on television and somehow will come across to violence. Besides that, television programs are visual and children can always see the act in an interesting way and it can be watched repeatedly. There are so many types of violence on television programs that can be seen by the children. So they have variety types of violence to be chosen and if children love what they are watching, then they will start to behave like what they are watching. Hence, television programs are the main source which may lead to aggressive and violent behaviors. In a nutshell, the attitude of todays youth are affected by television programs as they will indirectly encourage the children to be aggressive and violent in their behaviors. Children tend to imitate such behaviors from what is shown on television and also the immunity to violence cause the childrens behavior to be easier affected by television programs. 3.0 TELEVISION PROGRAMS ENHANCE NEGATIVE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AMONGST YOUTHS Children are very curious because they are still growing up and just about to see the whole world. So, they are more easily being influenced to do either negative or positive things when they see something new or something that they can see often on the television. We cannot control childrens mind because they seem to keep it to themselves and we can only see the differences in them when they express it. Besides that, they do not know what the good and bad things are as they are just about to understand and see the real world. So, they will simply do whatever they like which have been seen by them on television. Examples of negative social development that can be enhanced by the television programs are drug and alcohol abuse, smoking and also sex amongst the youths. All of these cannot be expected not to be seen on television because these will be included in most of the television programs and advertisements. Outley Taddese (2006) state that one of the factors for increased drinking amongst the youths are due to the exposure to alcohol use on television and in music videos like MTV, Hitz, and [V] channels. According to Kaiser Family Foundation, three quarter of the prime time shows entitled Sex on TV contain sexual references. There is only one tenth of the sexual content shows include the risks, responsibilities and safety of sex. Only 17% of messages about safety and responsibilities of sex have been portrayed in shows about teenagers in sexual situations. Children will start smoking at an earlier age for those who watch more television as the factors of influenced by the peer and parental smoking and gender is not as strong as the relationship between the age of starting smoking and television viewing (Mekemson Glantz, 2002). 3.1 THE MONKEY SEE, MONKEY DO THEORY Audience can experience strong emotional reactions, gain new values and change the way they behave by observing the performance of actors. This will be more likely to happen especially when the models show new patterns of behavior and thought which are rewarded (Bandura, 1985). This explains that the audience will do whatever they like which have been seen by them on the television and this will affect their behavior and attitude. Most of the people who can think rasionally, they will not follow the negative things that have been watched by them on television. However, we have to remember that youths are still young and they are still learning about things around this world. This world is new to them and they do not understand which is good and which is bad until the adults thought them the right things. At this range of ages, youths will have problems in controlling themselves if they are addicted to television programs which will then lead to the monkey see, monkey do theory. Television is the most influenced medium. It can be part of the solution and part of the problem in the area of sex amongst the youths. It will give solutions to the area of sex amongst the youths when the shows are giving a technique to have safe sex, a warning program to the teenagers about the consequences if that person gets pregnant, the responsibilities that they need to know from the start before they decided to have sex, etc. However, it will give problems when the children watch the sex scenes in the television programs. When they watch this kind of scenes, they will get attracted to it because everyone has the passion and it is a human nature to have the feeling to do it. Children will think that it is not wrong to have sex because they can always see the sex scenes on television without being censored and the monkey see, monkey do theory will be seen in this situation. They see it on television and they will do it in real life. Not all of them will do it in real life becau se some of them might not get a partner to do it in real life but nowadays, in this kind of situation, it is not difficult anymore to get a partner to have sex due to the influenced by television programs. For those who might not get a partner to satisfy his satisfaction, he might do something worst like rape the girls. In most television programs, there will be at least one scene where they will be drinking alcohol and smoking. For those children who watch this scene, he or she might not know what is alcohol and cigarette. As the theory said, monkey see, monkey do, the children might try to drink and smoke in real life like what they have seen on television. 3.2 THEY HAVE BEEN ENCOURAGED BY THE TELEVISION PROGRAMS People in the advertisements of alcohol can always be seen more successful, happier and sexier when they drink. Alcohol advertising including the television advertisements caused the drinking among youth to be increased (Johnson et al. 2004). When they see this kind of advertisements, they will be more likely feel encouraged by the advertisements because everyone wants to be sexy, happy and successful. Since these advertisements show that they can feel all of the feelings, this will indirectly encourage them to drink so that they can feel to be more successful, happier and sexier. There are some of the television programs about a group of friends ignore he or she because that person doesnt want to do something that had been asked to do by that group of friends, for example like smoking. When children watch this kind of shows, they will feel scared because they do not want to lose their friends, and they are still young to know that actually the friends who ignored them are not good friends for them. In order to be secure, children will take precaution steps before they lose their friends, and hence they will decide to smoke. This shows that television programs are indirectly encourage the children to develop the negative social in them. YOUTHS RECEIVED THE KNOWLEDGE OF NEGATIVE SOCIAL FROM OTHER SOURCES We are doing our young people a real disservice by attempting to protect them from straight and open information that is imperative for adjustment in the real world.  (Maw, 2007) Some people argue that youths can get the information and knowledge from their friends, parents, teachers, magazines, etc. There are also some of them who claim that the purpose of television programs show all these kind of programs is because they want to protect todays youth by showing them the real side of world. However, television is still the most influenced medium. This is because, children can spend most of their time in front of television and can watch that particular show for a long period of time as well as get the information in detail throughout the show. If compared to the information by the parents, peers, etc, they will not get the information in detail. Besides that, it is not that they will spend their time with their parents and peers to talk about it for 24 hours, they need to talk about something else too like family talk and etc. Hence, that is why television programs will give more impact on the negative social development amongst youths compared to the other sources. 4.0 TELEVISION PROGRAMS MAY AFFECT SELF DEVELOPMENT AND SELF ESTEEM In order to create a good relationship with other people, it is important for us to have good self esteem and self confidence in ourselves so that we can achieve our goals. People who have trouble getting positive relationship and afraid to do anything that can improve their life is due to the lack of self esteem. We can always see beautiful skinny models and actresses on television. Most of the children will then start to feel insecure and they will definitely want to do something with their bodies so that they can feel as good as the beautiful skinny models and actresses on television. However, in order for them to maintain their bodies or to get the body like their role models, they have to sacrifice a lot of things. For example, they have to diet in order to be beautiful and skinny like models and actresses on television. This will affect the youths self development and self esteem. 4.1 THEY HAVE SLEEPING PROBLEMS BY WATCHING TELEVISION Sleeping disorders and sleeping patterns among youths have been altered by television viewing. In order to get healthy sleep, we need regular sleep schedules. Thompson Christakis (2005) state that watching television makes the youths to have more irregular sleep disorders. Children need to get enough sleep so that their brain can work and can think carefully. If they do not have enough sleep, their brain will be very tired and cannot think carefully which will indirectly make their brain to be slow. When the brain is slow, this will affect the development of the youth. Besides that, the development of youth will be affected by the sleeping problems because they need to have enough sleep to grow. The growth at this age is very important and the growth rate should not be affected by anything so that the self development will not be interrupted. 4.2 THEY TEND TO PUT ON DIET When they see beautiful actresses and models on television, they feel insecure about their bodies and they will start on diet to get hot body like those actresses and models. When they look someone beautiful on television, their self esteem will automatically being activated. They will start to ask themselves whether they are beautiful or not. For example, when someone sees Megan Fox on television, she will automatically feel very insecure and she thinks that herself is ugly. She will definitely think the way how to compete herself with Megan Fox. No matter how preety that person is, normally if she sees someone who she thinks is preety, her self esteem will then automatically be activated and cause her not to eat in order to be preety like the others. Not only that, when they are not having a proper diet, this will also affect the self development on them. SELF ESTEEM AND SELF DEVELOPMENT CAN BE AFFECTED BY PEOPLE SURROUNDING THEM People who do not agree with television programs may affect self development and self esteem say that self esteem and self development can be affected by people surrounding them. It is true that it can be affected by surrounding people but we have to remember that our surrounding people are random people. We will not see the same person every day. It is also possible if the children see their idols as random people for only once. Compared to television, children can always see their idols on television again and again, which will make them feel more uncomfortable with themselves due to the self esteem and self development. Hence, television is the biggest influenced medium on youths. 5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS The following recommendations have been made to solve the problem of youths attitude that has been affected by the television programs: Provide the youths with media education and monitor them Discuss the contents of the shows with youths Give them more confidence in themselves According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, the kids will be less influenced to the negative effects of watching violent shows on television by the help of media education. Some studies have shown that media education can make the kids to have less violent behavior after watching violent shows on television (Kyla, 2009). This shows that media education can help the youths to control their aggressive behavior eventhough they have watched a lot of violence shows. Hence, it is not wrong for the parents to try the method of providing their children with media education. Either it works or not, parents are highly recommended to try this method as it is one of the most effective ways for controlling childrens behavior. We have to remember that we cannot control everyones interest. If the kids love to watch violent programs, we cannot stop them from watching it and it is not wrong for them to watch it as long as they can differentiate what is good and what is bad. Besides that, another way to prevent the youths from having aggressive or violent behavior is parents should monitor the children on what they are watching. This is to prevent the children from straight away imitate whatever they have seen on television, especially for kids. Parents should try to explain to kids as many as possible about what have been shown on television because the children do not know how to differentiate which one is reality or fantasy as they are still young and know nothing about it. Usually, children love to imitate the aggressive or violent behavior from cartoon and this is the main reason that the parents need to explain to their children about reality and fantasy terms to give the children an idea about this issue. Secondly, parents should discuss the contents of the programs with their children in order to avoid the development of negative social amongst the youths. The advertisements about alcohol and cigarette as well as sex scenes cannot be avoided from the youths. Parents should spend more time with their children to share opinions between them. Parents need to know what exactly on their childrens mind so that they can give advices to their children. This is the time for the parents to be a good role model for their children. Give them good advices and hear their opinion patiently without judging. Eventhough their thoughts are wrong, parents need to correct it and give them a bigger idea about the effects of alcohol, smoking and sex before married by giving them a story based on experience or tell them the consequences of all these actions. In order to avoid self esteem and self development from being affected, parents should help their children to build confidence in themselves. They should remind their children how attractive they are and nobodys perfect. Parents should keep on telling their children that that all those beautiful skinny models and actresses on television must have scarcity in themselves. Parents have to help their children to build their confidence so that they do not want to be someone else due to the confidences that have been built in them. Besides that, parents should set rules for their children. For example, set the rule that they have to switch off the television before 10 P.M so that they can sleep early and get enough sleep. This rule may help the children to have a good self development. . 6.0 CONCLUSION To summarize, television programs contribute more damage than benefits. Television programs may lead to aggressive behavior and violent behavior as kids become immune to violence and they tend to imitate what is shown on television. Eventhough aggressive and violent behaviors are contributed through other channels, television is the main source which will lead to this behavior. This is because, they spend most of their time on watching television compared to the others. They can easily imitate the violent behavior due to the blur images of good and evil which have been created by television programs. Since they watch more violent television programs, they become immune to the horror of violence as they can always see violence in the television programs that they are watching. Evidently, television programs enhance negative social development amongst youths. This can be proven by the theory of monkey see, monkey do. Whatever have been seen by them on television, they can always do if they want to without thinking the consequences because they are still young and do not know how to differentiate the good and the bad things. Eventhough the knowledge of negative social can be received from other sources, television is the most influenced medium because they can watch those actions as if it is real while magazines and posters are only in a form of pictures. Not only that, television programs may also affect self development and self esteem. The self development is affected by the sleeping disorder because they might watch their favourite shows until late night and have not enough sleep. Sometimes they tend to put on diet due to their self esteem as they see beautiful skinny models and actresses so that they can be as preety as those models and actresses. Youths can always see the beautiful skinny models and actresses as long as they watch television, they cannot avoid from seeing them on television. Do you think it is logic for us not to see even one beautiful actress? Of course the answer is no and that is why television is the most influence medium which can affect self development and self esteem. In a nutshell, television programs do affect the attitude of youths today as it enhances negative social development amongst youths, which may lead to aggressive or violent behavior, and they tend to affect self development and self esteem.